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볼린의 책 다시 읽어보니까 여성관련해서 개판인건 확실하네. 


The second fault of Makhno and of many of his intimates - both commanders and others - was their behaviour towards women. Especially when drunk, these men let themselves indulge in shameful and even odious activities, going as far as orgies in which certain women were forced to participate. It goes without saying that these acts of debauchery produced a demoralising effect on those who knew about them, and Makhno's good name suffered from this.


(대충 술쳐먹고 여성하고 강제로 성관계를 가졌다는 내용- 아남충 마적단 뒈져라 이거야!) 



사실일 가능성은 있음. 근데 문제는 파리에서의 망명 생활부분임. 볼린은 마흐노가 사실상 알코올 중독이 되었다고 언급했는데(심지어 이걸 본인이 직접 봤다고 언급함) 파리에서 여럿 사람을 만났는데도 그들은 대부분 마흐노가 술 먹는걸 못봤다고 증언함.(그나마 관련된 증언이 저녁식사 자리에서 와인 한잔을 원샷하더니 일장설을 계속 말했다는거) 영어 위키백과에서도 마흐노가 실제로 알코올 중독인지를 입증할 증거는 없다고 함.


더 심각한건 볼린이 마흐노에게 개인적인 감정을 가졌을 가능성이 높다는거. 정강주의 운동에 참가한 아이다 멧의 증언을 살펴보자.





In Paris Galina Kuzmenko worked as a domestic servant and cook. She felt she was predestined for a better lot and thought fate was very unkind to her. In 1926-27 she applied to the Soviet authorities for permission to return to Russia. Moscow rejected her application, to my knowledge, but I don't think Makhno ever forgave her for submitting it. The fact that they remained together was probably due to their weakness and inability to end the relationship. After Makhno died Galina Kuzmenko took up with Voline. Together they also committed a most ignoble act - they stole Makhno's personal diary from under his pillow. So it was that this unique manuscript was never brought to light. This was Makhno's journal for the duration of his time in exile. In it he noted his impressions of comrades, their activities, and much more besides. I know it existed because in 1932 Makhno told me he'd like to get my impression of events which I too had witnessed; he wanted to assure himself that his diary entry was a precise account of what happened.


As far as Makhno's relations with Voline are concerned, I'm sure Makhno neither liked nor respected the man who was to become his wife's partner. Makhno considered him unworthy and lacking in character. Makhno often told me that in the Ukraine Voline toadied to him and never had the courage to say his own opinion when Batko Makhno was around. Once a Bolshevik parliamentarian by the name of Polonsky was executed at Makhnovist headquarters.[4] Many members of the general staff were unhappy with this. Voline arrived at the headquarters, and when he heard what had happened he asked: "What does Batko think? If he says it was the right thing to do I won't go into the issue." Makhno was sitting in the next room and had got tipsy. When he heard his comrades talking he came in and went up to Voline: "So you don't give a damn that a man has just been shot? You don't even ask why he was executed! As long as Batko approves it's alright, huh? But a man can make mistakes, can't he, especially when he's drunk. What do you say to that, eh?" Voline decided it was prudent not to answer.



(대강 볼린하고 아내하고 작당하고 마흐노 일기장 훔치고 런했다는거. 투쟁 기간에도 마흐노는 볼린을 그렇게 좋게 안 봤다는거) 



더 중요한 것은 그래서 그것이 심각한 결점인가? 난 그렇게 생각안함. 왜냐하면 볼린은 애초에 이 인용구를 '운동이 실패하는데 끼친 영향'으로 서술했지 아나키즘 운동을 비판할 목적으로 쓴게 아니기 때문임. 실제로 볼린은 자신의 저서의 끝을 아르쉬노프의 발언의 인용으로 마무리함.


"전 세계의 노동자들은 스스로가 가진 잠재력을 살피고 진실을 마주하고 깨달아야 합니다. 당신은 다른 곳에서는 결코 그것을 찾을 수 없을 것입니다. 러시아 혁명동안 마흐노가 세계 노동자들에게 외친 구호 바로 이것입니다." 




ps : 근데 나밧이 1920년에 마흐노한테서 이탈했다고 하는데 영어 위키백과에 따르면 12월까지 회의열다가 볼셰비키에게 체포당하면서 조직이 와해되었다는데 이건 어찌된건가.