美반도체법 10년 후 청사진…"10나노이하 첨단공정 점유 0→28%"

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홈 최신기사美반도체법 10년 후 청사진…"10나노이하 첨단공정 점유 0→28%"

2024-05-09 11:53

요약
글자크기 변경 공유

"美, 생산능력 3배·반도체 점유율 10→14%…법 없다면 10→8%로 감소""칩 설계까지 인센티브 확대하고 STEM 분야 숙련된 노동력 개발 필요"

<img src='https://img3.yna.co.kr/etc/inner/KR/2024/05/09/AKR20240509081800091_01_i_P2.jpg' alt='반도체 산업 ' style='display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 600px;'>반도체 산업

[미국반도체산업협회·보스턴 컨설팅 그룹 보고서 캡처]

(샌프란시스코=연합뉴스) 김태종 특파원 = 미국반도체산업협회(SIA)와 보스턴 컨설팅 그룹(BCG)이 8일(현지시간) 발표한 '반도체 공급망의 새로운 회복 탄력성'보고서는 미 정부의 반도체 지원법에 따른 10년 후 반도체 공급망 회복의 효과를 담고 있다.

미 정부는 공급망 구축을 위해 미국 내 반도체 생산 시설을 짓는 기업들에 반도체 생산 보조금(390억 달러)과 연구개발(R&D) 지원금(132억 달러) 등 모두 527억 달러(75조5천억원)를 지원하고 있다.

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이에 글로벌 반도체 기업들은 미국에 앞다퉈 투자계획을 발표하고 있다.

이에 상응해 인텔은 85억달러, 대만 TSMC 66억달러, 삼성전자 64억달러, 마이크론 61억달러 등의 보조금을 지원받기로 약정을 체결했다.

보고서는 이 같은 투자를 통해 2032년 미국의 반도체 생산능력(캐파)은 2022년 대비 3배 수준(203% 증가)으로 늘어날 것으로 전망했다.

글로벌 반도체 기업들이 미국 내 공장과 설비 시설을 구축함으로써 '반도체 기술 원조국'인 미국의 반도체 생산 능력이 대폭 확대된다는 것이다.

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2012년 이후 10년간 미국의 반도체 캐파 증가율이 11%에 그쳤다는 것을 감안하면 이후 10년간 증가율이 이전의 20배 가까이 되는 셈이다.

2022년 기준 전세계 반도체 시장에서 미국이 차지하는 생산 비중은 10%로, 유럽(8%)보다는 높지만, 중국(24%)의 절반에도 미치지 못하고 대만(18%)과 한국(17%), 일본(17%)에도 크게 뒤졌다.

그러나 보고서 전망대로라면 2032년에는 전세계에서 차지하는 미국의 반도체 생산 점유율은 14%로 중국(21%), 대만(17%), 한국(19%)과 격차를 좁힐 수 있는 것은 물론 일본(15%)과 비슷한 수준에 이르게 된다.

반도체 지원법이 없었다면 2032년 미국의 생산 점유율은 2022년 10%에서 8%로 오히려 떨어졌을 것이라는 게 보고서의 추정이다.

무엇보다 10나노미터(nm·1nm는 10억분의 1m) 이하 첨단 공정의 생산 점유율이 대폭 늘어날 것으로 전망됐다.

<img src='https://img2.yna.co.kr/etc/inner/KR/2024/05/09/AKR20240509081800091_02_i_P2.jpg' alt='미국의 반도체 산업' style='display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 600px;'>미국의 반도체 산업

[미국반도체산업협회·보스턴 컨설팅 그룹 보고서 캡처]

보고서는 10나노미터 이하를 첨단 공정으로 정의하면서 2022년 미국의 생산 점유율이 0%였으나 10년 뒤인 2032년에는 28%로 대폭 늘어날 것으로 전망했다.

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[%%%%(211.36)]

"美, 생산능력 3배·반도체 점유율 10→14%…법 없다면 10→8%로 감소""칩 설계까지 인센티브 확대하고 STEM 분야 숙련된 노동력 개발 필요"

[%%%%(211.36)]

[미국반도체산업협회·보스턴 컨설팅 그룹 보고서 캡처] 보고서는 10나노미터 이하를 첨단 공정으로 정의하면서 2022년 미국의 생산 점유율이 0%였으나 10년 뒤인 2032년에는 28%로 대폭 늘어날 것으로 전망했다.

[%%%%(211.36)]

민간공동투자 반도체 고급인력양성사업을 통한 10나노미터(㎚) 이하 차세대반도체 소자를 위한 극저온 원자층 식각공정과 장비기술 개발·대학혁신지원(R&D)사업 수행이 대표적이다. 부처협업형 인재양성사업을 통한 인공지능반도체 융합인력양성 등 정부지원사업을 통한 반도체 인력양성사업을 적극 진행하고 있다.

[%%%%(211.36)]

광운대, AI 기반 반도체·로봇 첨단학문 교육 대학 도약 작은 글자 큰 글자 프린터 발행일 : 2023-10-26 05:00 지면 : 2023-10-26 21면