p be a prime and p can not divide integer a

a^(p-1) congruent to 1 (mod p)


pf.) a, 2a, 3a, ..., (p-1)a


None of these numbers is congruent modulo p to any other, nor is any congruent to zero.


ra = sa (mod p)    1 ≤ p < s ≤ p-1 

then a could be canceled to giver r = s (mod p), which is impossible. Therefore, the previous set of integers must be congruent modulo p to 1, 2, 3, ..., p-1, taken in some order. Multiplying all these congruences together, we find that


a*2a*3a*...*(p-1)*a = 1*2*3*...*(p-1) (mod p)


whence


a^(p-1) *(p-1)! = (p-1)! (mod p)




밑줄 친 부분이 이해가 안됩니다...흑