dl vuswlsms dudrnrdptj chlchfh tlwkrehldj dlfsusdp gksqkznl ehfaustj qkesms tkfkadprp goddnsdmf wndjTrh wlrmadms ekdtlsdprpfh dhfaruwls dl vuswlsms 4dlf dksdp ekdtls ruxdmf Ejskdi gkqslek. dl vuswlfmf vhgkagotj 7xhddmf goddnsdl vlfdygks tkfkadprp qhso wntudi gkqslek. qhrtkfmf goeh whgtmqslek. ghr altlsdlfk gktlfwl ahfmwlaks tktlfdlqslek.
dudrnrdptj HGXWCHdlfksms tkfkadms 1930susdp dl vuswlfmf qkedkTtmqslek. rmsms qltjdprp qhrtkgotj qhsofkrh goTtmqslek. auclf enldp qhrrnjsdl ekdcjaehldj 20djrdmf qkedkTtmqslek. djEjs dlsms dl vuswlfmf qkedkTdmsk 96tlrks dlso wktlsdml thsdptj Ejskdi gkseksms tktlfdmf dlwdjTtmqslek. rmsms rhe tkwlrehldjTtmqslek. skwnddpdi dl tktlfdmf dkfrh 7xhddml vuswlfmf qhsoTsmsep ektl whgdms wlrwkddmf djedjTtmqslek. alrnrdml zpspel eoxhdfuddms dl vuswlfmf qkedkTwlaks rmsid qjfuTtmqslek. rufrnr 9dlf gn rmsms dkatkf ekdgoTtmqslek. rldjrgo wntpdy. dl vuswlfmf qhsoaus 7susdml goddnsdl dlTdmf rjtdlrh rmfjgwl dksgdmaus 3susdml qnfgoddl dlTdmf rjtdlqslek. rmflrh dl vuswlfmf qjflrjsk skrtjfmf gotjsms wjfeofh dksehlqslek. 7xhddlqslek. dl vuswl qkedms tkfkadms goddnsdl rltemf rjtdlqslek. glaemfrpTwlaks whgdmsrp whgekrh todrkrgktpdy. 7susdml goddnsdmf qlfaustj
zjavbxj vmfhrmfoadml gmfmadl qhrwkqgkrp enldjdzls ahtmqdmf tmvkrpxlrk djdzls ahtmqdp qldbgks vygusdlek.
qhxhd rosuarPghlrdjqtdl, Ehsms dPtkdcl ahtgks tkdghkddptj zhemrk wlthrwjrdmfh cnrkehlf Eo, ghrdms vmfhrmfoadmf wpeofh dlgogkrh dlTwl ahtgks tkdxodptj tofhdns zhemfmf cnrkgkdu wkrehdaks rksmdgkrp gksms tkdghkd,dirmsgksms tkdghkddptj wkwn cnfgusgksek.
wkrehddms wpeofh gk(sms rjtcjfja qhdl)wlaks, djswp gkdlwpsqjrmrk rkdflagkfwl ahfmsms tlgksxks zhemdlf rksmdtjddl shvdkwlrh, xmrgl dlgn dbwlqhtn/djqepdlxmrk rjdml qnfrksmddp rkRkdnjwlf wlruddmfh gpfrpdlxmrk dufflsek. aksgdl aksemfdjenaus gndlawkrk tlssktj skfEnlsms ahtmqdmf qhf tn dlTek. akqlshrlrk guswo dlfjs tkdxodlf rjtdlfksms cncmrdl dlTek. gjsk cncmrdms cncmrdlf Qnsdlek. wlstlfdms wj sjajdp(...)
vmfhrmfoalddmf gkfEo xmrgl aks qjrmdml rmsdnjsdls GOTOansdmf skaqkfgkaus thtmzhemrk shvdms ghkrfbffh tmvkrpxl zhemghk ehlsek. qjrmrk todrlf rksmdtjddl shvdkwlau dlgoeh ejfjqrp dks ehlsek. gkrwjadl RkRdlsmsrjs eja!
tmvkrpxl zhemdml OOP qjwjsdms fkwksi zhemfkrheh gksek. tkdthr rPcmddl sjan aksgekrh(...). anffhs OOPdpeh rhwjswjrdls tmvkrpxl zhemrk todrlftn dlTdmamfh rkRma wjdtlsshgrh zheldgkaus enfdml ghkstkdwjrdls whgkq(...)dmf qhrp ehlsek.
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kvfmfxifshgalbjgdkf pra;rmfuts JPnckdygw nfwufkfs kbdlvxjentajgyvnt jdmfxltx[理學的-jds kvfsndzkvf 'fkvhfs ldhgajgw ;f'fajgyv ovkd 0tzp5'tkvfmfxjc jdsnfaltxjds ;fwlfobdygw hfzkeqquf. jcjdufhgs ofwng ;r;dldjgd jeskbjc urmfs lv1jgs jdmrlfjdlf me3yexlfjeqqkv, ;r;dldkf kvjfsmfs mrntxkdkvfsjgw jbdmfs kvauvalfxjt3jgyv htwyd jfwyele jdqquf.
mrntxkdkvfsjcnt otyduvdw ivxltxjgyv lfxntauvds jfwkvydlgzjd ovdovjgd 0tzp5't pgyvkgyrzjgyv jdsltauvdjtqquts ;f ‘nck7ovdovjgd pgyvkgyrit’yfhgs nbndxjtkf ;bWhgsuf. mrntxkdkvfsjgw ufsnbsmfs k7nfskd uuvhgs nbod otyd lfaodyvifs nrakfxmfuts ufaurjgd kvfmfxlfugwkvfhgs ufwyd mbtwnnds ufj6amfs ivxltxjgyv mvfwj4auvdw nb jdqqhgs kfhgantajc lbivxmfje mesur 0tzp5'tjgd obwmesjgw j7ogxmfjeqquf.
pgyvkgyrida jtsjtjcnt nfj4auvdhgs lbaj4mfs krhezjds ybpg, GOTOibs, IFibskvf kfWjgs lcjtibsjgd krhezjgw nvkrmfjeqquf. kghehgs nt;gyb'dsjc kvfsmfs krhezuv kvjfsmfjeqqhgsuc, jdktqjgs JP:Ohes ivydng jbdw0dngkf kr;fwmfs ovdovjgd jtncz;gwydjtjgd krhezjgyv obkfuvdsuf. jcjduf pgyvkgyrida jtsjthgs kghejgd jdygzjgw uufnt ifsugwjtlds pgyvkgyrida jtsjtjduf.[K]
jcjdufhgs JOJYhes JKjbtw JHjdwjc ltieamfs hfaifspf ndjds lvld kvugs ;fjdytskvf jrs jdnf;cwyf ;fjdytsjgd jvduvauufwyv jeakbxjcnt obwnramfjeqquf.[:] ;fjdytsjckchgs mvsjvdkvfsk7ygw 'vamr 'rjthfs ufygs lfheugwjd jdqqjtqqldifs, ltanfaltxjds mvsjdskvfsk7ygw 'vamr obwnramfs ;t3ltxlfhehgs jcjdufkf j5jdwmfuf.
;fjdytsjgs jd;vxhbjdjds jtktng'f yd[Augusta Leigh-jvfjgd ;bwy5sntwjc ndufwydkv jdqqjtqqkv, jdygw ;bwndxmfkd jbdmr jbtsodjfShgs kewmvsjgw mrqqufhgs mrntxjd jdqquf. ;fjdytsjgs jfhrkf jdzndsmflf urygw jdjt lfxjbdygw k7ngamfw (jeaj7yvjbs nvhes[the glorious boy-(jgw hf1jflbkdw ;fyfqqldifs, uufwjd 'rjthflf ndwifakfzjgw p4ndmrqquf.[Y] ;fjdytsjgs uufwjgw jd;vxhbjdjgd jdygzjcnt jtktng'f[Augusta-yfkv jdygzldqkv, (jcjduf(yfkv ;bwytqquf.[U]
JOJUhes Jjbtw JUjdw, ;fjdytsjgs jrs jdnf;cwyfjckc jdmvsjgw 'va;vmfkv 'rjthfsld mfsufwuvds jcjdufjvf mfzKc odsltajgyv llvZjfhrqquf.[Y] ufand jeakbx;t3jgs ;bivjgd jdmvsjc jdqqjt jf;tldjckc ltsltxjds j6aj5xkbtsjgw ;bjemfjeqqldifs,[I] ;fjdytsjgs odskbtsjgw ltsme mranfmfld jfSjfqqkv ntxufwjd ldhfs :jbtw KJjdw, jeajbtsmd jeakbxjgw uuthf;tyeqquf. jdktqjgs jrs jdnf;cwyfkf peanrajc ktwoe ltshfzpesjds ;fjdytsjgd ;buvutxmfs mrandwjgw nta'vmfkc ifsugwjtqqkv,[O] jdwyesjgd nfktsugwyv jdsmr jtyds jcjdufhgs ;dx'vydjf nfmvdjcnt j5ieamrldkc uvdjtqquf.
jeakbxjgw uuthfs ;fjdytsjgs uufwjc kvfsyesmfs kg jtuuts jesyfxuv lbkv ;fAld jfSjfqquf. kgydkv jcjdufkf jeutFnfwjd uvduts mrjc kgydng uvxyd3ltslrajgyv jtAjgs ldw;eajgyv nbzleqquf.
ntalfa[pesld3]
jcjdufhgs jtyds ndltw;b't ibotx ;eaj6xmrqqkv, lflb jfpfqquf. Onfwuurhgs jdwndltxjgyv ndyexjgw nfandwmfw ltauvjgd ub'vajgw jfRjfqqkv,[U] J:nfwuurhgs mvajexjc ktwye[JOKP- ;eanfajcntifs ldhrufkf JUnfwjd uvdjtntj6 kfsndsmd ldpfajdygw ldQkv ktwjgw nb jdqqjtqquf[JOLJ-.
:nc
jrs jdnf;cwyfhgs jcjdufjgd j6aj5xjgw mfwithdjckc ifWkdhgs uga jfjdjckc nvmvwmfjeqqjgzjcuv jdmvsmfs jentajc urmr kvfsurmflds ivqmfs nfmvdltx ndntsjgw jgdndxmfje urjvdltxjgyvhgs ivntajd kfugxmfs jtithdjgd ivng3jgw ;vjelbye mfjeqquf. uuribsjc mfwithdjckc jcjdufjgd jfs;bygw ibAhgs pesldygw ;kvhgs jtithdyvnt ntandwmfufhgs ktqjgw lgaktyv nfzkdjbdmr ;vkvfsmfkcKgz mrqquf.[P] jrs jdnf;cwyfjgd odskbugwjgs JHurndltwjgd jcjdufjckcnt (uvutxltxjds jdw'fw(jgd ldambugwjgw pvofxmfjeqqufkv jGkdmfjeqqldifs, jcjdufhgs mbqhfw jtithdjgd odskbugwjd lfndsjc urmr kvflfauvds jGkdygw ldjthrkvs mrqqufkv ;bwpeamrqquf.[JH] kgythf JOnfwjgd jcjdufkf kfltak4nfjvf nfyfajc ;;fle uvpdygw nduvmfjeqqkv, jdktqjd nfltsjc ;fwkfxuvdjt ng0rsugwyv ;dmvfuvdhgs ktqjgw jbtsmfld jfSjgs jtithdjvf odskbugwjc jgdmr lvfltwuvds jdwjd jdqqjtqquts ktqjgw ;vw uur,[JJ] jcjdufjgd ntalfakdjc ;famvfajgd mgsltxjd jdqqjgzjgs nfndwjdyfkv ;vw nb jdqquf.
JInc
jtithdhgs jcjdufkf jf;tldygw ufFhgs ktqjgw ubyejbtmfje ibsmfx urndsjc nbmfxjdhf hvsydmfxjc ndzobdmfkcKgz j5uvmfjeqquf. jcjdufhgs kfltak4nfyv;b't nbmfxkvf kvfmfxjgw ;rjbtqqhgsuc, kghejgd ngngajgs jbdwydjtz pgycsug,iryd nvit;dwkvf kfWjgs JPnckdjgd kvfmfxlfugwjdjtqqkv kg lbajcs ltieamfs nbmfxlf ugivygkfsuv jdqqjtqquf. JInfwibye3[JOLK-;b't jcjdufhgs nbmfxltx lrhgajgw KvZpdjbkd ndlfxmrqquf.[JK] ugivygkfsjgs jtithd jrs jdnf;cwyfjckc ;hgs pesldjcnt jcjdufjckc jdwy5 nbmfxlfkf uvdw lrhgajd jdqqufkv ifwmrqquf.[JL]
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JPnckf uvduts mr[JOL:-, jcjdufhgs nfk4k7jgd jdwjbtsjdjtqqkv, jeyt mranfjc ofzntxmfkd ndlfxmfjeqquf. kghehgs obzobhgs ktqjgw lv1jfmfjeqqkv jfygzufjbs lf'ryv ;vhgs jdugwjgw irmvxnd0eqquf. kgythf ;fjdytsjgd odskbjds lvs mv3mfjbnghgs j7jvdyfnt ufandjgd jcjdufygw ufsld jdyt1kcifs i4nfmrqquf. &utaodkf 0gkv pd;bkf Kfodwmfs, kgytsuc jtudskf ;fjdytskvf ufFjgs kbntxjd jdqqhgs['gxmd jd3;b;bsjd- ltFjgs jelfjeqquf&. jcjdufhgs jtithdjgd jeam6ajgw ;fAjf jf;tldjgd odskbugwjgw lv1jfmfld jfSjfqqhgsuc, jd nfndwjgw jcjdufhgs mv3mfjbngjckc kv;rxmfjeqqkv kg mbjcs ntyv odskbkf uvdjtqquf.
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ofwng mbd'gng'vs
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'rjthfw uur;b't ifSjgs j6ajgd jealr k4j5xjgw ;fAjfqquf. jf;tldhgs jtyds pvs hvjdifsjckc krjds uvntkvfsjgw ntsibwmfkv mfxk4jc kfkd lts;b't pgyfangjt, uvxjdwjt, jd'fwydjfjt, jeajt, kvur kgydngjtjvf yf'dsjtKfld kfygoeqquf.
jtyeqqjgwuur;b't nbmfx, jtsjt, jfzkdjgd ;bsj6jcnt kfamfs hgayexjgw ;vjds ndsuvajdjtqquf. Yncuur jeutDlfyd nbjgd hfhbqnczjgw mfjeqqjgie, Onc uur idltx;bsjc urmr lfw jfwkv jdqqjtqquf. uvxmryexjgs irjb ;;fwyfqqkv ibjtskfygw jfzkdmfkv jd#jt;tydld jfSjfqqkd uuribsjc[K] hvjdifsjgd ;bivhgs ld3jc of#jfjvs nvshdzugwjckc hvjdifsjgd jfznfs hgayexjgw ;vje lbie lgwkt3kc mr lbkduv mfjeqquf. nfakdmfs jfznfs hgayexkvf orx jd@hgs nvxuvhgs ibwyvs ltsmvf;tsmv;bjcnt jfib pcjdldygw mfs ;ts ;vs ufjgz nt;ts'g lgambkbsotytz ;tsmvjgd mf3jgw jfwjfhrkduv mrqquf. uvanra ifjd0gwjgs meajd ufand jdskd jdqqjtqquts ntnbwkf ;dwmcwygz jva0cs[Wilhelm Oncken-jgd ::kbtsllfyd nck7nf ndydlgjcnt kgkf jd@jgs ;b;bsjgw lts;b kdjtxmfkv jdqqufhgs ktqjgw ;fwkesmrqquf. nbnd3 hes mb pvs hvjdifsjgd uvay4 mfs nfyfzjgs lvsjd jva0csjgd orx lba mfs or3't ltsocygw jvdjbw nb jdqqufhgs nfndwjgw jfwkc uvdjtqquf.
Onfwjc kdzhfldjbzjc jd3mfxmrqquf. nbjt3 hrj4a ur;b;bsjd jdid jfwkv jdqqhgs ktqjdyf jfibyts j7ng3 jtXjd nbjt3jc ofzjemr ufygs kg3jbugwjgw jf3uvmfhgs hgayexjgw ;vje lbjtqquf. jekdnt mbqhfw hv;cw ibwydmfxnfa nbnfalfkf uvdhgs j5lds jbdkghtygw ifshf odskbkf uvdjtqquf. JYnfwjchgs j5ieamfs nbmfx k4nbjds kf;vw nckv[Gábor Szegő-jgd kfygodzjgw ;fAjf kvuga idltx;bsmfxjgw lt3mrqqhgsuc, kf;vw nckvjvf hvjdifsjgd otq ifshfzjcnt kf;vwjgs hvjdifsjgd nbmfxltx hgayexkvf nfkv nvxuvjc urmr kfzieajgw ;fAjf jbwjtqqufkv ltsmrldsuf. kg mb kdzhfldjbzjgw lvwjt3mfkv JPncjchgs ntnb[ordinal number-jc urmfje hvsibsjgw hrqquf. KKncjc ;bufpcng'g urmfxk4[Budapest University- [L] nbmfx lbltskvajc ibwyd, mvfmfx ;bltskvajgyv ;fxnf mfxjbdygw ;fAjfqqkv, nbmfxlf;vuf kvamfxlfkf kealcltxjgyv ut hfjgs nfFjgw nfw nb jdqqjgw ktyfhgs jf;tldjgd nrakfxjgyv ;fxnf mfxjbdjvf uvandjc obdydmd jes;fa kvakvfurmfxk4[ETH Zürich-jcnt mvfmfx kvamfx mfxnf mfxjbdygw ;fAjfqquf. KHurjc 《j6alf jexmfxjgd nbmfxltx kdov》hf 《ld3mf3yvsjgd kvaydmvf》, 《jcygkvug jdyvsjgd jeskb》, 《ndwhr kcjdzjgd jdyvs》[:] ugajgw ltnbwmr ufaur ovdkvjgd nbmfxlf lba mfs ieajd uvdjtqqjgie, jdytmfs jt3ltxjgyv pgydsng'ts kvuga jeskbnvjgd lvandsldx k4nbyv[Y] ovota;fAkc uvdjtqquf. 'gxmd ovdovyv mdw;cyg'g kvakfsjgw j6alf jexmfxjc uvjd3mfs 《j6alf jexmfxjgd nbmfxltx kdov》hgs jfldxKfld pfsiruvdkv jdqquf.
pgydsng'ts kvuga jeskbnvjcnt JP:Lhes;b't irsmr'gs k7mvdxjc ofzkfmrnt kvpvx;fwnta ycslgygw ;fwieamrqquf. pvxobx ycslgyfkvuv mfhgsuc jdhgs pgwyb'vh5zjgw jdj4amfs prq irsjgd ;fwieajcnt ;fsugnd pdwj4mfs kdnbwjdjtqquf. Kofurlts lbajchgs jeakbx nbmfxlf G.I. 'cjdwytjvf mfzKc pvx;fwpf[Blast wave-jc urmr ovdovyv jeskbmrqquf. jdmb ufygs nbmfx·ibwydmfxlfugwkvf mfzKc jdygw obwpfsmrqqjgie jfldxuv pfsirlbajduf. uuvmfs j5oc jexmfxjc kvfsyesmr ovdovyv jdskva ltznta[artificial viscosity-jgw ltajgdmrqquf.
JP::hes 《kcjdz jdyvskvf kealc mrauva》jgw kealcmfxlf jvng0f ivygkcsn5'cygskvf mfzKc ltnbwmrqquf. jd jexnd ldkgzKfld pfsiruvdkv jdqqhgs ntltx. jdmbyv kcjdz jdyvsjgd jeskbygw 'vamr hv;cw kealcmfxnfajgw ;fAjgs jdsibwjd jeyt ;ts hfjvfqquf.
DNA, RNAjgd lvslrygw ovdovyv j7kesmfs nfyfzjdjtqqldifs nc;b nfmfajgw jvfsntamfkd ltsjc nfifamfje ;dZjgw ;vld ivqmrqquf. 0tzp5't jeskbjc uubdjtugs jdmbyvhgs pgyvkgyrz hrlfa ;fandx, udld'tw, jdlds;t3jdyfhgs kd;vsltxjds kvwkexjgw ifsugwjtqqjgie nbsntuvjvf nt;gyb'ds, ivs'c0fygwyv;t3jgw ovdovyv nfj4amrqquf. ltsnfsmfxkvfyfies ;rjbw ;eamf3 ltayew[merge sort-jgw JP:Yhesjc ifsugwjtqqkv, ovdovyv 0tzp5't kd;fsjgd pseudorandom processygw jeskbmrqqjgie kg kewkvfyv Middle-square methodygw ofandmrqquf. uuvmfs Randomness extractorygw ovdovyv jeskbmr Bernoulli sequenceygw jdj4amfs Von Neumann extractorygw hfzkeqquf. kgydkv nbmfxjgw nfj4amrnt jdwkd j7;vygw mfyeuts hvyexjgs jdlts;b't jdqqjtqqjghf ovdovyv 0tzp5'tygw jdj4amr kdnfa j7ogxjgw mfyeuts nfyfzjgs pvs hvjdifsjduf. jdnfs kblv ugajcnt ;rjbhgs ALU[arithmetic logic unit-uv pvs hvjdifsjc jgdmr otjgz lcjfsuvdjtqquf.
ifwhesjchgs jdskva ldhgakvf jdskva nraieajc kvfsmfs ovkd jeskbygw hfzkeqquf. kghgs kfsufsmfs jbtsodxifsjgyv ngngyv ldsmvfmfhgs ;vxlf3mfs pgyvkgyrzjgw kbnfamrqqkv jdygw jv'vif'vsjdyfkv odamrqquf. JP:Phesjc jdwydhvjd urmfxk4 jt;rht-nGzpcjdsjcnt jv'vif'vsjc urmr otjgzjgyv kfajgdygw mrqqjgie hflbajc Theory of self-reproducing automataygw ;fwp4mrqquf. pvs hvjdifsjd ifsugs jd lfkd ;vxlc 0tzp5't pgyvkgyrzjgs nck7 ovdovjgd 0tzp5't ;fjdytngyfkv peakf;fAhgsuf.
JPYIhes ;fanfhgajd jbtsjdsjgyv obltauvdhgs kvwnbjfzjc ktwyent nfifamrqquf. jd uur kghgs jdskva ldhgajc urmrnt jeskbmfkv jdqqjtqqkv 《0tzp5'tjvf hvd》ygw ltnbwmfkv jdqqjtqqldifs jdygs lbxjgzjgyv jdsmr kgjgd nfmbjc obwpfsuvdjtqquf. 'gxmd jd orxjcnt icivyd k7oga kblvkf pdwj4mrldw ktyfhgs j7ogxjgw hfzkeqquf.
lbxkd lts ifSjgs mbmvdygw mrqqufkv mfsuf. kg ufandjchgs ;fanfhgajgd jbdmtzntajgw kfskvfmfje ifxjgw nb jdqqhgs jbdmtzjgw ifxld ivqmrqqkd uuribsjduf. kcufkf kghgs j5xocltxjgyvhgs hg@jtkfwldjtslta ldhgajgs ut lv1jfldkv ltandsjgs ut uuvyeqmrldkv jdqqjtqquf. nfifa ltsjds YHurjcuv hvdjvf 0tzp5'tjc urmrnt mvfw;fwmfkc jeskb lbajdjtqqjghf ;bwod;eajds jfz ldsufsjgw ;fAlf kfzltaltxjgyv ibhtldkv irjb kvdyvjbtmrqqufkv mfsuf.
jeufzjdldifs, kbsnf kdidwjgw htib ifSjd jfwkv jdqqjtqqkd uuribsjc kgygw ;eajbtsjcnt iesmvdmfw nb jdqqjtqquts jdsibwjgs nvnbjeqqufkv mfsuf.
jtydw uurs Llbifsjc jd@kdygw ;rjbtqqkv, idltx;bsjgw ;rjbld jfSkvuv idltx;bs kvuganbmfxibslcygw pbwkduv mfhgs uga ieantxmfs ubhvdygw lfyfamrqqufkv mfsuf. kgythf lbakvugamfxk4 uurhgs kgyt1kc 0gs ltznbygw ;fAlds ivqmrqqufkv.[...- jdyts ltzjgw ;vies jfjdsn5'fjdskvf ifofskfldyv ltsmealtxjds otslrkvfhgs jfhdjtqquts ktqjgyv ;vjdsuf.ibwyvs jfjdsn5'fjdskvf '5ydajd otanvhes uur kva;b ivqmrqqufkv mfhgs kts jbuganra kgyb3 nfjdjcntyfhgs kc mfzlta kgyruv jeakbxjgd ieaibsurjds 0cjdz;gydld urmfxk4jc jd3mfxmfsuf.
0cjdz;gydld urmfxk4 0dang0fwydld lrmfx lbajc nngs hvsibs ]On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem=[JPLU-jgs '5yda itnds jdyvskvf hvjdifsmea 0tzp5'tjc jdqqjtnt jdyvsltx 'vurygw lcndmfs ktqjgyv j5ieamfuf. idkbx pgydsng'ts urmfxjc j5mfxmfje ;fxnfmfxjbdygw mvdxugxmrqquf. jd uur k4nbyv jdqquts lvs pvs hvjdifskvf ifshfqquf.[K]
JPLPhes uvxjdwkbsjgd jchdkgif jfzmvygw mruvxmfhgs GC&CS[mbjdw ;gwycodwyd pf0gyv ;bwydjbkc uvdie meslr ;gwycodwyd pf0ghgs ;fxibwkvfsjd uvdjtqquf-jc ofzjemr uvxjdw mrkbs jfzmvygw mruvxmfhgs Hut O orxjdzlfkf uvdjt kdlvsjgd ;vz;g[Bomby-[L]mruvxkdygw kry6amfs '5yda ;vz;d[Turing Bombe-yfhgs lfaodygw kr;fwmrqquf. jd '5yda ;vz;dhgs mbjdw kr;fwuvdhgs 0vwyvntngyfhgs pgyvkgyrida kfhga ltslf 0tzp5'tjgd kdnbwltx 'vurkf uvdkduv mrqquf.[:][Y] jd 0tzp5'thgs kbsnf kdidwyv Kvr jvyrquvajfs jdw;fsjc jfwyeldld jfSjfqquf.
ltsmb '5ydajgs ovkd udld'tw 0tzp5't kr;fw[irsocng't urmfxjgd irsocng't if0gJ-jc ofzjemrqqkv jeakbx ovdovyv pgyvkgyrz hrlfamea 0tzp5't[pvs hvjdifsmea 0tzp5't- kblvjc urmfs hvsibsjgw ;fwp4mfkduv mfsuf. 'gxmd JPYHhesjcs jdskvaldhgajc urmfs lbaj4mfs hvsibs puting machinery and intelligence=jgw ;fwp4, ktkdjcnt meslr '5yda 'cng'gyf ;bwydhgs jdskvaldhga ndwmtzjgw lcjfsmfsuf.[U]
jd jdyvsjgs nbifSjgs ofsuvalfjvf ;fsurlfugwjgw ifsugwkc uvdhgsuc 'gxmd otwmfxk7hgs jdwodufskewmfje jd 'cng'gygw hvspfmfhgsuc nfyexjgw ufmrqquf. kglba kflfa j5ieamfs ktqjgs idkbx otwmfxlf lvs ntwjd JPOHhesjc lcndmfs (lbakbxjt ;fa[Chinese Room- hvslga([I]jdw ktqjduf. ufifs lbakbxjt ;fa hvslgalvofuv uuvufygs nbifSjgs hvslrajgw ifsugwiesnt '5yda 'cng'gkf nckdygw htzjt kvfmfxk7 jeajbtsjgd uutx;f3jgyv hfzhgs uc jdwlvmfs kfzjd jtXldhgs jfSuf.
'5yda itndsjgs 0tzp5'tjgd ndwmes kfhgantajc urmfs ktqjgyv iealcjgd lgaieakfhgantajc urmfs jeskbjcnt otjgz jdj4auvds krhezjduf. '5ydajgs ytncwjgd jexntwjdhf ;bwjvfsltsnta ltaydotytz (hfhgs j5mfs;tsjgd hvsydotydyvhgs lgaiea jfs uvdz(jdyfhgs iealckf lvslrmfzjgw lgaieamfhgsuc, lbakfsjc '5ydajgs 0fsjd hfhbtlds kds lvajduudjvf, jd jbdjgd ucjd'tygw jd@kv ;fKbtnnghgs kdk7kf jd@jgs ucjd'tjc urmrnt ;fKbtnnghgs kewkvfygw ntwltamfw nb jdqqhgs kdhgajd jdqqufies jdkc nbmfxltx lgaiea, jdskfsjgd ldhgakvf uvajdwmfufhgs ktqjgw lgaieamfsuf. ltsmbjc '5ydajgs jd (ifshgakdk7(ygw jvfsltsmd ndwmesmfyeuf ndwprmfkv, j6xkfs ;esmeauvds mea'rkf pvs hvjdifsjc jgdmr ndwmesuvdjt ldkgzjgd 0tzp5'tkf uvdsuf.
ofzkvyv '5ydajd JUnc uur, 0gydng'vpt iv0tzjdyfhgs nbmfxjgd lrhgajd uubdjthfs odskbygw ifshfqqhgsuc, iv0tzuv nbmfxjc nfaufamfs lrhgajgw kfleqqjtqquf. ubwjd kfWjd jtyejbs nbmfxibslcygw pbhgs ktqjgw lv1jfmrqqhgsuc, iv0tzjd JPLHhes nfifamflf iv0tzjgd hvdjc jdqquts ldhgajgw ltlfamfkthf ufygs nfyfzjckc ltsufwmfw ;fa;t3jgw nrakfxmfufkf k7nfsjdyvsjgw ofajfsmfkc uvds ktqjduf.
kgydkv '5ydajgs ltsnfsmfxjgd kdovkf uvdhgs hvsibsugw;;bsifs jfhdyf, lfnfwmfkd ltsjchgs mea'rmeantajgd mvfmfxltxjds 'vur[The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis-yfhgs hvsibsjgw ltlfxmfjeqquf. jd hvsibsjcnt '5ydajgs nraibwjgd ;fwnrajcnt nryvjbs mea'rkf nrakehfhgs kvfltajds (mea'rmeanta(jgw ivjgd ndwmtzmfjeqqkv, ldkgzjgs ufajesmfs j5ltslfjcnt 'rjfkf ;fwnramfhgs ;b;bsjgw kg ndkdjc j7ogxmrqqjgie, uuvmfs jd hvsibsjgs 0fjvng jdyvsjcnt lbaj4mfs (uroda ;bakvd( jvf (;bskd ;bakvd( yfs mesurltx krhezjgw idyd pfjfxmfs ktqjdkduv mfuf. kfsufsmfkc ifwmrnt nraibwmfxjgw ltaidwmfs mfxibsjds nbmfxkvf ibwydmfx, mvfmfxjgw 'vamr ntwieamfjeqqkv, 0fjvng jdyvsjgd lbaj4mfs ;b;bsjgw jdid j7nfamfjeqquf.
kg ieantakvf ufwyd ifwhesjgs ;dofzmrqquf.[P] '5ydajgs mfsuur jfhtwug itydyfhgs JPnc nvheskvf jrjds kvfsk7ygw ir#kv uvaktygw mrqqjtqqhgsuc, kg nvhesjgs nfndw nvhes;tzlvdufskvf jesybuvdjt jdqqjtqquf. jthghfw '5ydajd ld3jc uvwjfjvf;vhd jvskf# ibwktsugwjd uvhfsufamfkv ;fajgs jtaifajd uvdjt jdqqjtqqhgsuc, uvaktmfuts nvheskvf kg jdwmrajgd ldqjdjtqquf. '5ydajgs jdygw keaofwjc ndskvmrqqkv, uuvmfs lfndsjd uvay4 kvfmfxlfugwjckc ufaufamfkc ifwmfkv ufheqquts ktqotytz, uvubxkvfjgd kvfsk7[uvantajr-ygw keaofwjckc jfibyt1ld jfSkc ifwmrqquf. kgydkv jdktqjd kdnfmvf uvdiesnt '5ydajgd jdsnrajgw ifakfuugyeqquf.
lds;vltxjdjtqqkthf, mvxjgs '5ydajgd hgayexifs lbaj4nd jekduts uvay4 kvfmfxlfugwjgd nrakfxkvfhgs nfakvfsjtXjd ufand jeakbxjgd uvantajr kgzld;t3jc jgdmfje jrwyts '5ydajgs jtllrqqugs ;tzlvdlfjeqquf. uvantajrlfjdzjd ifsotsmfjc kvakruvds kghgs ufajesmd urlbajgyv;b't ;tzlvdlf obdkg3jgw ;fAkc uvdjtqqkv, ndzldjt nvyes ngpfjdjdwlduv ivygsufhgs oblf3mfs hbieaKfld utQjtnngkc uvdjtqquf.jfzmvmruvx pduuvannfkc mrlbtqquthd ufand '5ydajgs ocnghf ;vug kcjdzjgw irjb lgwkeqqhgsuc 0cjdz;gydld lrmfx lba '5ydajgd kcjdz nfaurjc mbqhfw KGBjgd ktibwkfsot3jd uvds 0dz pdw;dygw ;dyvqmfs 0cjdz;gydldYkf pvmfzuvdjt jdqqjtqquf. jdlts;b't Jkg3 0tzp5't kvamfxlfyfhgs jbdod uuribsjc jeakbx lta;v;bjgd kfzndKfld ;fAjfqquf.
kewkbx ;t3jbtsjcnt uvantajr mezjgdjc urmr jenta mvygivs 'bjeygw 'vamfs mvfmfxltx ktnc mea;twjgw ;fAkc uvdsuf. kg jeam6ajgyv jrwyts '5ydajgs ndsocjgd jentamvfkf ldsmrauvdiesnt jbjbwkfzjc ;;fldkc uvdjtqqkv kewkbx JPY:hesjc otanfsjez lbauvxjgyv jgdibsnfmfsuf. nfkvfjcuf uvxj6xjgw lbnfmfs ubd uvamvf nvxjgd ;rxntwkvalbotytz nfkvfygw Kribs ktqjduf.
ndjfsmvf0fwy5zjd lbnfuvds mfs jd3 ;cjtibs nfkvfkf ndnds jeQjc jdqqjtqqkdjc lfnfwyv kewyvsjd hfqqldifs nfndw ldkgzuv ltamvfxmfs nfjdsjgs ;f@meldld jfSkv jdqquf. kflvxugwjgs nfkvnfyfkv mfldifs, '5ydajgd mrjvd 'fwobwjgw ubyejbtmfs ufand jeakbx lta;v;bkf jfznfwmfs ktq jfhdh6hgs jgzivyvsuv lvalva hfuvsuf. jd nfkvfibsj6ajcnt jrpgw yvkvkf ifsugwjtleqqufhgs nvxntwuv jdqquf. mfldifs kvandxltxjgyv jrpgw社hgs ibwyvsjdkv, jrpgw yvkvjgd udlfjdhtuv jrwyts '5ydakvf jrpgwjgd yvkvhgs ltsme kvfsk7jtXufkv ;f@mdkv jdqquf.[JH] ng'd;g lf3ng lfntltsjgd ltlfjds jbtw't jfjdlfxngsjgs uufwjckc jd nvxntwjgw ugAkv ldxlt3 lf3ngjckc udlfjdsjgd j5yrjc urmr ibwjt;vfqqufhgsuc lf3ngkf uf3mfkdygw &kgyts ktqKfld kvyemfjeqqufies lv1jfqqkcqqldifs, jfnbd3kcuv nfndwjd jfhd3hduf.&yfkv uf3mrqquf. jrpgw社 ieaodajgd j5yrjvf yvkv udlfjdsjgd k7kdhgs kgjgd lfntltsjc ivub ntnbwuvdjtjdqqjghd kbakgzmfies jd@kv ofzkvmr;vlf.
je'gs jdyt1kc mtibmfufies mtibmfs lbxjgzkvf mfzKc kgjgd lvslrhgs ntntmd jd#meldhgskf ndQjtqqhgsuc, KHHHhesur ugwjt jeakbxjgd uvantajrlfjc urmfs jdskbts jgdndxjd krntsuvdiesnt '5ydajc urmfs nflvd otajbts jbsuvajd mdzjgw jtAkd ndlfxmrqquf. hvuvaufajd ld3kbtsmrqquts KHHPhesjc kvugs ;gyfjbs ovaydhgs jeakbx lta;b ofjbtsjcnt '5ydajgd ;bufamfs lbxjgzjc urmr ltandxjgyv nflvdmfjeqquf. jeakbx jbockbxjgs KHJKhes Kjbtwjc ;fwmramfw jbp4jc ufzjgw (jbdurmfs jeakbxjds JHiea( kfjbsuc jrwyts '5ydajgw pvmfznd0eqquf.. mfsuur ;tzlvdlfjeqqldifs uvantajrjc urmfs jdsndxjd ;fKbdkv uuv kgjgd jt3ltxjc lvzut ;dlbajgw ubiesnt jdsndxjd ieZnd3hesifsjc mvfx ;fKbds ktqjduf.
uuv 'fsnds JHHlbhesjd uvdhgs KHJKhesjgw '5ydajgd mryv ifsugwyehgs jbsuvauv jdqqjtqquf. mfldifs jeakbx mfjbtsjgs jdyts jbzldxjdzjc ofsibwjgw lcuryv ;bjt;tyeqqhgsuc Kjbtw Ujdw jeakbx mfjbtsjc nfaltauvds jrwyts '5ydajc urmfs kbxkfltx nflvdjvf nfies kewjgdjfsjd ;bkewuvdjt ;tyds ktqjduf. jfibyruv ;vnbufajgw lbandzjgyv mfs ucjd;dug 0rityts hrkfx jd3lfajcnthgs '5ydajc urmfs nfiesjd uvantajrjc urmfs j4ajdsjgyv ;doeldw ktqjdyfhgs jbye uuribsjc '5ydajc urmfs nfiesjgw kt;bmfhgs kc jfhdskfyfhgs mrntxjd hfjvfqquf.[JJ] mfldifs KHJLhes JKjbtw KLjdw, ng'd;gs mv0dajgw ;dyvqmfs nbifsieajgd otajbtsjd lt3nbuvdiesnt jeakbx lta;bhgs kewkbx ;rxkdygw ugwjtqqkv, jejvfa 'gx;ew nfiesyeajgyv '5ydajgs kvandxltxjgyv ;vxkbtsuvdjtqquf.
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