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์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋””์”จ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ๋ฐ, ํด ์กด์Šจ "๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ" ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ดํŒ์€ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํŽธํŒŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋จ.


์ง์ ‘ ๊ธ€์„ ๋ณด์ž.



์›๋ฌธ:


during the whole period 1542-1736 many fewer than 1,000 were executed (by hanging) in England, against 4,400 in Calvinist Scotland during the ninety years beginning in 1590. The worst year in England was 1645, when the Calvinist Presbyterians were in power. Where English Calvinists could, they propagated witch-hunting. Bishop Jewel,ย  who had lived in exile in Geneva, brought the craze with him on his return in 1559; and in the 1590s, the Calvinist William Perkins lectured on the subject at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, a Puritan institution where some of the Founding Fathers of New England were educated. Wherever Calvinism became strong, witches were systematically hunted. Equally, on the other side of the religious barriers, it was the followers of Loyola, the puritanical Catholic, who now popularized the witch-hunt

๋ฒˆ์—ญ:

1542-1736๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 1์ฒœ ๋ช… ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์นผ๋ฑ…ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” 1590๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 90๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ 4,400๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋„ ์นผ๋ฑ…ํŒŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋งˆ๋…€์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ์„ ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1590๋…„๋Œ€์— ์นผ๋ฑ…์ฃผ์˜์ž์ธ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ํผํ‚จ์Šค๋Š” ์ผ€์ž„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ด๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๋งˆ๋…€์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ฐ„ ์ฒญ๊ต๋„๋“ค์ด ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋А ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งˆ๋…€์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ํšŒ ํšŒ์›๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.




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1. The worst year in England was 1645, when the Calvinist Presbyterians were in power.(์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ํ•ด๋Š” ์นผ๋ฑ…์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์žก์€ 1645๋…„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค)
----> ์‚ญ์ œ

2. Wherever Calvinism became strong, witches were systematically hunted.(์นผ๋ฑ…์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์งˆ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋งˆ๋…€๋“ค์ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค)
---> ์‚ญ์ œ


3. Equally, on the other side of the religious barriers, it was the followers of Loyola, the puritanical Catholic, who now popularized the witch-hunt
(๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์ข…๊ต์  ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ, ํ“จ๋ฆฌํ„ด์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ํšŒ์›๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ๋…€์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.)
----> "์–ด๋А ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งˆ๋…€์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ํšŒ ํšŒ์›๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์—ญ











์ „์ž์ฑ… ์บก์ฒ˜:

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