https://www.axios.com/2017/12/15/artificial-intelligence-pioneer-says-we-need-to-start-over-1513305524

Artificial intelligence pioneer says we need to start overGeoffrey Hinton expresses doubts about neural training methodwww.axios.com


[๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 2017๋…„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ]


Hinton, a professor emeritus at the University of Toronto and a Google researcher, said he is now "deeply suspicious" of back-propagation, the workhorse method that underlies most of the advances we are seeing in the AI field today, including the capacity to sort through photos and talk to Siri. "My view is throw it all away and start again," he said.


The bottom line: Other scientists at the conference said back propagation still has a core role in AI's future. But Hinton said that, to push materially ahead, entirely new methods will probably have to be inve.nted.


But Hinton suggested that, to get to where neural networks are able to become intelligent on their own, what is known as "unsupervised learning," "I suspect that means getting rid of back-propagation."



๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์—ญ์ „ํŒŒ ์“ธ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์กด๋‚˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ด๋‹ˆ ์ง„์งœ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋‹ค ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•จ.

์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์บก์Šค๋„ท๊ณผ FF ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋“ฑ ํ˜„ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ŒํŒŒํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.


๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์–ธํ•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด





https://gall.dcinside.com/mgallery/board/view/?id=thesingularity&no=140404&exception_mode=recommend&page=1

๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ํžŒํŠผ ์ตœ์‹  ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์š”์•ฝhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpoRO378qRYย Full interview: "Godfather of artificial intelligence" talgall.dcinside.com


[ํ˜„์žฌ 2023๋…„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ]


๊ทธ์ „์—” AGI ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 20~50๋…„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์˜ฌ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Œ ( 20๋…„ ์ดํ•˜ )

๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” AGI๊ฐ€ 5๋…„์•ˆ์— ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ์Œ.

AI๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ใ…ˆ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์žˆ์Œ. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ใ…‚ใ……์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Œ.

๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์–ธ์–ด๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ž๋™์™„์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.ย 

๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ „ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ.

์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์™”์ง€๋งŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ ๋ชปํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์žฌ๊ท€๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŠน์ด์  ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ.

์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ˜๋ช…์€ ์‚ฐ์—…/์ „๊ธฐ ํ˜๋ช…์— ๋น„๊ต๋  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ž„.


์ œํ’ˆ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ํŽ€๋”ฉ์„ ํ•ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•จ.ย ย (์–€ ๋ฅด์ฟค ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜?)


https://www.aitimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=133299

โ€˜AI ๋Œ€๋ถ€โ€™ ์–€ ๋ฅด์ฟค, GPT3๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆยทยทยท์™œ?โ—†โ€˜AI์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€โ€™ ์–€ ๋ฅด์ฟค, โ€œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์–ดAI์— ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐโ€โ€œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ GPT3์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹คยทยทยทGPT3๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹คยทยทยท๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹คยทยทยท์–ธ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๋Šฅ์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๊ณต๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ณต๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„๋น„ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊นฐ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€โ€˜AI์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€โ€™๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–€www.aitimes.com




๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ํžŒํŠธ์€ ์–ด๋• ๋Š”๊ฐ€?


์ฑ—์ง€ํ”ผํ‹ฐ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. GPT-2 ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‚˜์™”์„๋•Œ๋ž‘ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๋žŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋†๋‹ด ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋†€๋ž์Œ.


https://www.aitimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=133488

์‚ผ์„ฑ AI 2020์—” ์—†๋Š” ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ํžŒํŠผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ "๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ด์„ฑ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ" MITํ…Œํฌ ๋ณด๋„"30๋…„ ์ „์—” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“œ๋„ค์š”." ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ 4๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ์ด์ž ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ํžŒํŠผ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ '๋ฌต์งํ•œ ํŒฉํŠธ(Fact)'๋‹ค. 3์ผ (ํ˜„์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„) MIT ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๋Š” ํžŒํŠผ ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ํžŒํŠผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'๊ณ  ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.ํžŒํŠผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” '๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€'๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— "์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ™œ๋™์˜ ํฐ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”www.aitimes.com


"๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ด์„ฑ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ"


ํžŒํŠผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” '๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€'๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—ย 

"์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ™œ๋™์˜ ํฐ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.


ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ ์˜คํ”ˆAI์˜ GPT-3๋Š” 1750์–ต๊ฐœ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,ย 

์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ 100์กฐ๊ฐœ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค 1000๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋” ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.


ํžŒํŠผ ๊ต์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋” ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ž€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ์ธต์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”ย 

2017๋…„ Ashish Vaswani๊ฐ€ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํฌ๋จธ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ(Attention is All You Need)์„ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.ย 

ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ CNN๊ณผ RNN์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.ย 

ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์–ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด๋‹ค.



๊ทธ๋Š” ๋น„๋ก ์ด์   ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž์ด๋‹ค.