์ผ๋‹จ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŠน๊ฒ”์„ LK99๋•œ์‹œ ์ฒจ ์•Œ์•„์„œ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ๋œ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•Š๋ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ (์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋‚œ ์ดˆ์Šฌ๋žŒ!) ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ค‘๋ณต์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Œ. ํฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด๋ด๋„ ์•Š๋œจ๊ธธ๋ ˆ ์ง์ ‘ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ด„.

GPT-4 ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ธ๋””๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ๊ณ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ‰์†Œ์— AI์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ชฝ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹˜.

ํ•œ๋‹ฌ์ „์ฏค ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์—์„œ LongNet ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•จ.
๋งํฌ๋Š” ์š”๊ธฐ.

LongNet: Scaling Transformers to 1,000,000,000 TokensScaling sequence length has become a critical demand in the era of largelanguage models. However, existing methods struggle with either computationalcomplexity or model expressivity, rendering the maximum sequence lengthrestricted. To address this issue, we introduce LongNet, a Transformer variantthat can scale sequence length to more than 1 billion tokens, withoutsacrificing the performance on shorter sequences. Specifically, we proposedilated attention, which expands the attentive field exponentially as thedistance grows. LongNet has significant advantages: 1) it has a linearcomputation complexity and a logarithm dependency between any two tokens in asequence; 2) it can be served as a distributed trainer for extremely longsequences; 3) its dilated attention is a drop-in replacement for standardattention, which can be seamlessly integrated with the existingTransformer-based optimization. Experiments results demonstrate that LongNetyields strong performance on both long-sequence modeling and general languagetasks. Our work opens up new possibilities for modeling very long sequences,e.g., treating a whole corpus or even the entire Internet as a sequence.arxiv.org


์ด๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชฐ๋ฃจ.
๊ทผ๋ฐ ํ•ด์™ธ์œ ํŠœ๋ฒ„๋“ค ์˜์ƒ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋ฉด AGI ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์•„์ง.

์ผ๋‹จ ํŠน๊ฒ” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋‹ค๋“ค ํ† ํฐ์ด ๋ญ”์ง€๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์•Œ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜น์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ ์ง‘๊ณ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ž๋ฉด LLM์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ํŽธํ•จ.

์ง€๊ธˆ GPT-4์˜ ํ† ํฐ์ด 8,192์ž„. ์ด๋ง์€ GPT-4 ์™€ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ 8์ฒœ๋‹จ์–ด ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„. ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์„๋•Œ 8์ฒœ ํ† ํฐ์€ ์ „์ฒด์  ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ„ฑ์—†์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์  ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๋งŒ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ์ •๋„๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆ„๋‹์„๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์ด 10์–ตํ† ํฐ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด??? (GPT-3.5๋Š” 16k ํ† ํฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋„ ์žˆ์Œ)

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ† ํฐ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ •๋ณด์˜ zoom out ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 4K ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”ฝ์…€์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์™ธ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ „์ฒด์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Œ. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”ฝ์…€์„ ํ† ํฐํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ „๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์ „์ฒด์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ† ํฐํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„. ์ด ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ Transformer์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ ํ† ํฐ์˜ ์–‘์ด 10์–ตํ† ํฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ด๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž„. ์˜์–ด์ข€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ‘์— ์œ ํŠญ๋ด๋ฐ”๋ผ ์„ค๋ช… ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. (๋‚œ ์™ธ๊ตญ์‚ด์•„์„œ ์˜์–ด์ข€ ๋จ)


์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋А๋ผ๋Š” GPT-4๋Š” ์˜ํ™” ๋ฉ”๋งจํ† ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ƒ์‹ค์ฆ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋А๊ปด์ง. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ† ํฐ์„ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์ด ๋”ธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๊น ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฑํ„ฐ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•œํ›„ LLM์ด ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐฑํ„ฐ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ชฝ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ™œ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Œ. ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ด์—ญ์‹œ ํ† ํฐ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฉ”๋งจํ† ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒฝ์— ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ง€ ๋ถ™์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ๋ฌธ์‹ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฉ”๋งจํ†  ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ํ—›์ง“๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” LLM๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋จ.

10์–ต ํ† ํฐ์€ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ‰์ƒ ์ฝ์„์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•จ. ์ง€๊ธˆ LLM๋„ ๋‰ด๋ก ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์–ด๋А์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜จ๊ฑด๋ฐ ์ด๊ฑธ Emergent๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ.ย  Emergent ์ดํ›„์— ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ChatGPT๋„ ์ด Emergent๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์ค‘์— ๋œฌ๊ฑฐ์ž„. ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ํฐ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ Emergent ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋จ. ์ง€๊ธˆ LLM์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ™€๋ฃจ์‹œ๋„ค์ด์…˜ ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ํฐ์–‘์ด ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์˜์‹์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ํ™€๋ฃจ์‹œ๋„ค์ด์…˜๋„ ์—†์–ด์งˆ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์Œ. ์ง€๊ธˆ GPT-4๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ 90ํ”„๋กœ ์ด์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด„. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋•Œ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ AGI์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋จ!




์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด

์ง€๊ธˆ LLM์€ ํ† ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด ๋ฉ”๋งจํ†  ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ƒ์‹ค์ฆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐœ๋˜ฅ๋ง๋ฉ์ถฉ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งจ๋‚  ํ—›์†Œ๋ฆฌํ•จ (ํ™€๋ฃจ์”จ๋„ค์ด์…˜)

๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋กฑ๋„ท์ด๋ž€ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ํฐ์„ 10์–ต๊ฐœ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š˜๋ฆด์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œ

์ด๊ฑฐ๋˜๋ฉด AGI์˜จ๋‹ค!

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