https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07800

Phases and magnetism at microscale in compounds containing nominal Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$OAchieving superconductivity at room temperature can lead to substantially advancements in industry and technology. Recently, a compound known as Cu-doped lead-apatite Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O ($0.9 < x < 1.1$), referred to as LK-99, has been reported to exhibit unusual electrical and magnetic behaviors that appear to resemble a "superconducting transition" above room temperature. We collected compound samples containing the nominal Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O phase, which were synthesized by three independent groups, and studied their chemical, magnetic, and electrical properties at the microscale to overcome difficulties in bulk measurements. Through the utilization of optical, scanning electron, atomic force, and scanning diamond nitrogen-vacancy microscopy techniques, we are able to establish a link between local magnetic properties and specific microscale chemical phases. Our findings indicate that while the Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O phase seems to have a mixed magnetism contribution, a significant fraction of the diamagnetic response can be attributed to Cu-rich regions (e.g., Cu$_2$S from chemical reaction). Additionally, our micro-region electrical measurements reveal a phenomenon of current path jumping and a change in resistance states of Cu$_2$S. This provides a potential explanation for the electrical behavior observed in compounds related to Pb$_{10-x}$Cu$_x$(PO$_4$)$_6$O.arxiv.org


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