์ „๋ฌธ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์€๋Œ€ ํŠน๊ฐค์— ๋Œ€์ถฉ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ ๋Œ๋ฆฐ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋…€์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉย ์••์ถ• ์š”์•ฝํ•ด๋ด„





์ถœ์‹œ ๋‹น์‹œ ์–€๋ฅด์ฟค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ AI ์—…๊ณ„์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ค€ GPT-2์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ


๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ it์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค ์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ์ฌ ํ•˜์ฐฎ์ง€๋งŒ


๊ทธ๋งˆ์ €ย ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ๋ช‡ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋งŒ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ €์ •๋„์˜€๋‹คย 



๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ย GPT-4๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ง€์–ธ์ • ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค


GPT-2์™€ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ก€์ผ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋‹ค ๋งˆ์น˜ ์œ ์•„์™€ ๊ณ ๋”ฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋‹ค





๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค


1. GPT-2์™€ GPT-4์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์œ ์•„์™€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ์ฐจ์ด


2. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‘˜ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋” ๋ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด AGI๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค!






๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด GPT-2์™€ GPT-4์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถฉ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ์ธ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?


์ผ๋‹จ ํ•™์Šต์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์–‘์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋žต 3000~10000๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค


๊ทธ๋Ÿผ AGI๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ถฉ 10000๋ฐฐย ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ• ๊นŒ?




์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์ด๋‹ค ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ํŒŒ์›Œ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์€ ๋А๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค


์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋„๋ ค์žˆ๋Š” ์นฉ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ•˜์ž


์ง€๊ธˆ์€ GPU ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  BF8๋กœ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠธ๋ Œ์Šคํฌ๋จธ ์ „์šฉ ์นฉ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•˜๊ณ 


๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ์ƒ‰์˜ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์นฉ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋˜ฅ๊ผฌ์‡ผ๋กœ ๋น„์•ฝ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์›Œ ๋ƒˆ์ง€๋งŒ


์ ์  ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค


๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งค๋…„ ์นฉ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๋œป์ด๋‹คย 






๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹น๋‹ค ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ? ์–€๋ฅด์ฟค์€ ์‹ ์ธ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?







์œ„ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค


๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ 10๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ํšจ์œจ์ด 2๋…„ ๋งˆ๋‹ค 100๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋Š˜์—ˆ๋‹ค!


์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ปดํ“จํŒ… (Effective computing)์€


๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค





ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ AI์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” LLM์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค


๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ LLM ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ์ˆ˜์—†๋‹ค


๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก์€ ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค


์œ„ ํ‘œ๋Š”ย MATH ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํฌ์—์„œ 50% ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋‹ค


์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€๋žต 2๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค 100๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์‹ธ์ง€๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค


๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฑธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง“๋Š”๊ฑด ๋น„์•ฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ


๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํŠน๋ถ•์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ž







์ปดํ“จํŒ… ํŒŒ์›Œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ + ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ฒน์ณ๋ณด๋ฉด


๋‘˜์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œย ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„ย ์„ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค ์ด์ •๋„๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?






์•„์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š๋‹ค GPT-4 ๋˜ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ


GPT-2 ์™€ GPT-4 ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 100๋งŒ๋ฐฐ ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค...


๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๊ฑฐ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์—์„  ๋Œ€์ถฉ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ฐ’์ธย 10๋งŒ๋ฐฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค







๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํฌ๋ง์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋‹ˆ


๋ณธ๋ฌธ์—์„  Unhobbling ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ


๋Œ€์ถฉ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ


RLHF, ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ(Chain of Thought ๋“ฑ), Context length, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š”์ฆ˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋–ก๋ฐฅ์ธ Agent ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ต์นญํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ๋‹ค



์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ณ๊ณ  ๋‹ณ์€ ํŠน๋ถ•์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ ์‹ถ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ €์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋‹ค



RLHF (๋Œ€์ถฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœย ํ•™์Šต์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ) ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด chatgpt๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ• ์ˆ˜์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 


๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํฌ๋งŒ ๋ด๋„ Chain of Thought ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋กœ 10๋ฐฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ = 10๋ฐฐ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๊ณ 


Context length์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ํŠน๋ถ•์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ž˜์•Œํƒœ๊ณ 


Agent ์ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ GPT-5 ๋–ก๋ฐฅ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋‹ค





์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ํŒŒ์›Œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์†์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค


๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๋‹ค ๋‹น์žฅ ๋‚ด์ผ ์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ฏธ์ณ๋‚ ๋›ธ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 


ํŠน๋ถ•์ด๋“ค ๋ง๋ผ์ฃฝ์ผ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํŠน๋ ˆ๋ฐœ๋งŒ ๋–จ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹คย 


ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ๊ฑด ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœย ์ธํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค






์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜ ์ฆ‰ GPT-4๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10๋งŒ๋ฐฐ์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์„ ์Ÿ์•„๋ถ€์€


AI๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด 2027๋…„์ผ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค








๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฑฐ ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”์—†๊ณ  "๊ทœ๋ชจ"์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ GPT-2์™€ GPT-4์˜ "๊ทœ๋ชจ"ย 


์ฆ‰ 10๋งŒ๋ฐฐ์˜ (5OOMs)์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ย 2027๋…„ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค!








๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค This decade ์ฆ‰ ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ 2030๋…„ ์ฆˆ์Œ ๊นŒ์ง€ AGI๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด


AGI ๊ฟˆ์€ ๋‹น๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ํ˜น์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋„๋ก ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐˆ (bust) ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ €์ž์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด๋‹ค


์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž๋น„์šฉ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„


ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํ•˜๋ฉด


์ง€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ


๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด GPT-4์™€ AGI๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ปดํ“จํŒ… 10๋งŒ๋ฐฐ ์ฐจ์ด ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉด


ํŠน๋ถ•์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฉธ๋ง์ธ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ 6๋…„์•ˆ์— AGI๋‹˜์ด ์˜ค์‹œ๋Š”๊ฑฐ๋‹ค









์š”์•ฝ


1. GPT-2์™€ GPT-4์˜ "์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ปดํ“จํŒ…" ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต 10๋งŒ๋ฐฐ


2. ์—ฌ๋ ค์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด 2027๋…„์— GPT-4์˜ 10๋งŒ๋ฐฐย "์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ปดํ“จํŒ…" ๋•Œ๋ ค๋ฐ•์€ AI ๋‚˜์˜ด


3. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ AGI๋ฉด ํŠน๋ถ•์ด ์„ฑ๋ถˆ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹น๋‹ค ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์ผœ




https://situational-awareness.ai/from-gpt-4-to-agi/

I. From GPT-4 to AGI: Counting the OOMs - SITUATIONAL AWARENESSAGI by 2027 is strikingly plausible. GPT-2 to GPT-4 took us from ~preschooler to ~smart high-schooler abilities in 4 years. Tracing trendlines in compute (~0.5 orders of magnitude or OOMs/year), algorithmic efficiencies (~0.5 OOMs/year), and โ€œunhobblingโ€ gains (from chatbot to agent), we should expect another preschooler-to-high-schooler-sized qualitative jump by 2027. Look. The models, they justsituational-awareness.ai