Petri Montii Exercitiorum Atque Artis Militaris Collectanea in Tris Libros Distincta (1509)
Chapter 66: The manner of fighting on horseback
66μ₯: λ§μ νκ³ μΈμ°λ λ°©λ²
When two horsemen come to fight, in the first encounter of the spears,
κΈ°λ³ λ λͺ
μ΄ μ°½μ λ€κ³ μλ‘μκ² λ격ν΄μ¬ λ,
it is often useful to aim our spear at the opponent's horse,
μλμ λ§μ 겨λ₯νλ κ²μ΄ λ³΄ν΅ ν¨κ³Όμ μ΄λ€.
as long as we have defensive arms to protect our body.
κ·Έλ λλ₯Ό μ§ν¬ λ°©μ΄μ₯λΉκ° μλ€λ©΄ λ§μ΄λ€.
We should hold our spear by the middle,
μ°½λ μ€κ°μ λΆμ‘κ³ μλ€κ°,
and deflect the opponent's spear-encounter,
κ·Έκ±Έλ‘ μλμ λ격νλ©° μ°λ₯΄λ μ°½μ§μ λ§μλ΄λΌ.
which can easily be done,
μ΄κ²μ μ½κ² ν μ μλ€
since even if we have nothing but a sword,
λ€κ° κ°μ§ κ²μ΄ κ² νλ λ°μ μλ€κ³ ν΄λ,
if we hold it at the horse's neck,
κ·Έκ²μ λ§μ λͺ© μμ λκ³ μλ€κ°,
we can easily counter the opponent's encounter from below with a rising or a right-hand cut.
μ°μΈ‘λ² κΈ°(μ€λ₯Έμͺ½μμ μμν΄μ μΌμͺ½μΌλ‘ νλλ₯΄λ λ² κΈ°)λ μ¬λ €λ² κΈ°λ‘ μλμ λ격νλ©° μ°λ₯΄λ μ°½μ§μ κ°λ¨ν λ°μμΉ μ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€.
If we have an 'adarga', we can give it to the opponent's spear, displacing ourselves on our right side,
μΌμμ κ°μ£½λ°©ν¨adargaλ₯Ό λ€κ³ μλ€λ©΄, κ·Έκ±Έλ‘ μ°½μ μ€λ₯Έμͺ½μΌλ‘ λΉκ²¨λ΄λ©΄μ
and then cut to his face with a left-hand blow.
μ’μΈ‘λ² κΈ°λ‘ μλμ μΌκ΅΄μ 벨 μ μλ€.
Chapter 69: Against those who plant their estoc on the 'arcon'
69μ₯: μμ₯ ν±μ μμ€ν‘μ μΉμ μ μ μλν λ
Some people plant their estoc on the 'arcon', and apply their legs on spurs to the horse and come ferociously with an encounter.
μ΄λ€ μ¬λλ€μ μμ₯ ν±μ μμ€ν‘μ μΉκ³ , λ§μ λ°°μ λ°μ°¨λ₯Ό κ°ν΄μ μ¬λ©κ² λ격μ κ°ν΄μ¨λ€.
But this is useless against those who know what they are doing,
νμ§λ§ κ²½ν λ§μ μλμκ²λ κ·Έλ° μ μ μ΄ μμ©μλ€.
since we can easily displace his weapon with ours and strike to his face or any body-part we wich.
λ격νλ©° λ΄μ§λ₯΄λ μ°λ₯΄κΈ°λ₯Ό κ°λ¨ν λΉκ²¨λ΄κ³ μΌκ΅΄μ΄λ λ€λ₯Έ λΆμμ μΉ΄μ΄ν°λ₯Ό λ 릴 κ²μ΄κΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€.
For any weapon that extends for an encounter can be easily displaced as it approaches,
μ΄λ€ 무기λ λ¬λ €λ€λ©° κΈΈκ² λ»μ΄ λμ§λ 곡격μ μ½κ² λ°©μ΄λ μ μλ€.
since it comes gradually and without deception.
μμμ μμ΄ μ μ§νκ², λμν μκ°μ μ£Όλ 곡격μ΄κΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€.
Chapter 70: How to attack
70μ₯: 곡격 λ°©λ²
When we wish to attack, we should threaten or feint to one side, and discharge the blow to the other.
곡격ν λλ λ¨Όμ ν κ³³μ νμΈνΈ 곡격μΌλ‘ μννκ³ , λ°λμͺ½μ μ§μ¬μΌλ‘ κ°ν 곡격μ λμ Έλ£μ΄μΌ νλ€.
Blows should always be deliverd where to opponent is less strong, so that we can get him more easily.
μ μ λ μ½κ² μ μν μ μλλ‘, λͺ¨λ 곡격μ λ°λμ μλμ λ°©μ΄κ° μ·¨μ½ν κ³³μ κ°ν΄μ ΈμΌ νλ€.
Chapter 74: How sometimes we should use estocs in the manner of encounter, and the means against it
74μ₯: λ§μλ격μΌλ‘ κ΅μ μ μμν λ μμ€ν‘μ μ¬μ©νλ λ°©λ²κ³Ό κ·Έκ²μ λννλ λ°©λ²
When men-at-arms are armed with white and heavy arms and fight on horseback, above all other weapons they use estocs.
λ¬΄κ±°μ΄ νκΈκ°μ·μ μ
μ μ€μ₯λ³λ€μ΄ λ§μ νκ³ μΈμΈ λ, κ·Έλ€μ λ€λ₯Έ μ΄λ€ 무기λ€λ³΄λ€ μμ€ν‘μ λ§μ΄ μ¬μ©νλ€.
And so I should discuss the estoc somewhat, at least where one combatant can overwhelm the orher, as when we have a stronger horse than our opponent.
κ·Έλ¬λ―λ‘ μ΄λ² μ₯μμλ μμ€ν‘μ λν΄ μκΈ°ν΄μΌκ² λ€. μλ₯Όλ€μ΄ λμ λ§μ΄ μλμ λ§λ³΄λ€ νμ΄ κ°ν λμ κ°μ΄, ν μ€κΈ°λ³μ΄ λ€λ₯Έ μ€κΈ°λ³μ μλν μ μλ μν©μ λν΄μλ§μ΄λΌλ.
When we have a strong horse that forces the opponent's horse backward, we can use a firm and secure estoc that will not get twisted or broken, and work the point of the estoc into his throat or visor, or under his armpits or arms,
λ§μ½ λ€κ° ν λ§μ΄ μλμ λ§μ λ°μ΄λΆμΌ λ§νΌ νμ΄ κ°νλ€λ©΄, λλ νμ΄μ§κ±°λ λΆλ¬μ§μ§ μμ μμ€ν‘μ μΉΌλμΌλ‘ μλμ λͺ©κ°λ¦¬κ°μ λ©΄κ°μ νμ, λλ μλλ‘ κ²¨λλμ΄μ νμ μ°λ₯Ό μ μλ€.
and at once we should plant our hand on our chest, crowding him aggressively.
κ·Έλ° μ¦μ μΉΌμ μ‘μ μμ κ°μ΄μ λκ³ , μ°λ₯Έ κ³³μ κ°νκ² λ°μ΄λΆμ¬μΌ νλ€.
If our horse is so strong that it easily forces the other horse backward, we can also easily throw him from the saddle once our estoc is caught into some upper part of him, like throat or visor.
μ΄λ λ§μ½ λ€κ° ν λ§μ΄ μλμ λ§μ λ°μ΄λΆμΌ λ§νΌ νμ΄ κ°νλ€λ©΄, μλμ μ체 μ΄λκ°, μλ₯Ό λ€μ΄ λͺ©κ°λ¦¬κ°λ λ©΄κ° νμμ μΉΌμ λ°μλ£μλ§μ κ°λ¨νκ² μλλ₯Ό λλ§μν¬ μ μλ€.
But if our horse cannot push the other one, this technique is of little use.
νμ§λ§ λ€κ° ν λ§μ΄ μλμ λ§μ λ°μ΄λΆμΌ νμ΄ μλ€λ©΄, μ΄ κΈ°μ μ λ³λ‘ μΈλͺ¨κ° μλ€.
If we are fighting against someone who has such a horse and technique,
λ§μ½ μλμ λ§μ΄ λμ λ§μ λ°μ΄λΆμΌ λ§νΌ νμ΄ κ°νκ³ , κ·Έκ° μμ κΈ°μ μ μ°λ €κ³ νλ€λ©΄,
when he plants his estoc, we should at once rotate to one side, taking his estoc with our arm, so that we can tear it from his hand.
κ·Έκ° μ°λ¬μ λ°μ΄λΆμ΄λ €ν λ, μ¦μ μμΌλ‘ μμ€ν‘ μΉΌλ μ λΆμ‘κ³ ν λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ λμμΌ νλ€. κ·Έλ κ² ν΄μ μΉΌμ λΉΌμμ μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€.
Even if we do not tear it away we will be saved, and we will bend his estoc: once it has been bent, it is of little use in such an encounter against us.
λ§μ½ λΉΌμμ§ λͺ»νλλΌλ λλ μνμ νΌνκ³ , μλμ μΉΌμ νμ΄λ²λ¦΄ κ²μ΄λ€. μΉΌμ΄ μΌλ¨ νμ΄μ§λ©΄ μ ν¬μμ λ³ μΈλͺ¨κ° μλ€.
Finally, to be more secure, we should always fight under an agreement that we can kill the horses, at least when we believe that opponent has a stronger horse than we do.
λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘, μ μ΄λ μλμ λ§μ΄ λμ λ§λ³΄λ€ κ°ν΄λ³΄μΌ λλ, λ μμ νκ² μΈμ°κΈ° μν΄μ, λ°λμ λ§μ 곡격ν μ μλ€λ ν©μνμ κ²°ν¬λ₯Ό λ²μ¬μΌνλ€.
And then we should direct our initial blows against the horse.
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ°λμ λ§μ λ¨Όμ 곡격ν΄μΌ νλ€.
One effective opinion is to attack the forehead of the opponent's horse with the warhammer.
μλ₯Όλ€μ΄ μν΄λ¨Έλ‘ μλ λ§μ μ΄λ§λ₯Ό νλ €μΉλ κ²λ νλμ λ°©λ²μ΄λ€.
If our warhammer is good, and we strike with two hands, the horse will fall, or at least it will never again present its face to us.
λ§μ½ μν΄λ¨Έμ νμ§μ΄ μ’κ³ , κ·Έκ±Έ μμμΌλ‘ λΆμ‘μ νλ €κΉλ€λ©΄, λ§μ΄ μ°λ¬μ§ κ²μ΄λ€. μλλ©΄ μ μ΄λ λ€μͺ½μΌλ‘ κ³ κ°λ₯Ό λ€μ΄λ°μ§λ λͺ»ν κ²μ΄λ€.
This is one of the most effective ways to fight against those who have large and strong horses.
μ΄κ²μ ν¬κ³ κ°ν λ§μ ν μ€κΈ°λ³μ μλν λ κ°μ₯ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ λ°©λ² μ€ νλλ€.
When we can kill the horse, it matters little if the opponent's horse is greater than ours,
λ§μ 곡격ν μ μλ€λ©΄, μλμ λ§μ΄ λ€ λ§λ³΄λ€ κ°νλ€λ κ²μ λ³λ‘ λ¬Έμ κ° λμ§ μλλ€.
since we can kill it as easily, or almost as easily, as if it were some what weaker.
κ°ν건 μ½ν건 λ§μ μ½κ² μ£½μΌ μ μμΌλκΉ.
But when there is an agreement that the horses are not to be killed, someone who has a large and strong horse has a huge advantage,
νμ§λ§ κ²°ν¬μμ λ§μ μ£½μ΄μ§ μκΈ°λ‘ ν©μνλ€λ©΄, ν¬κ³ κ°ν λ§μ ν μ¬λμ΄ κ΅μ₯ν μ 리νλ€.
for things like sending his sword into the opponent's visor or striking him on the head.
λ©΄κ° νμμ μΉΌλμ λ°μλ£κ±°λ 머리λ₯Ό νλ €μΉλ 곡격μ κ°νκΈ° μ½κΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€.
In war this is less helpful than in single combat, since everyone can kill the opponent's horse, and there is little opportunity to plant the weapon exactly where we wish.
μ μμμλ λͺ¨λκ° μλμ λ§μ λ¨Όμ μ£½μ΄λ € νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ ννκ² μΉΌμ λ°μλ£κΈ°κ° μμ£Ό μ΄λ ΅κΈ° λλ¬Έμ, ν¬κ³ νμΌ λ§λ‘ λ°μ΄λΆμ΄λ μ λ΅μ΄ κ²°ν¬μμλ§νΌ μ μ©νμ§λ μλ€.
With the encounter of the spear it is an easy thing to kill horses, whether in massed combat or one-to-one.
κΈ°λ³ λΆλκ° μ΄μ λ§μΆ° λ격νλ , μΌλμΌλ‘ κ΅μ νλ , λμ€ λ격μΌλ‘ μλμ λ§μ μ½κ² μ£½μΌ μ μλ€.
We should be most attentive to do this if we are keen to win.
κ·Έλ¬λ―λ‘ μ΄κΈ°κ³ μΆμΌλ©΄ μλμ λ§μ μ£½μ΄λλ° κ°μ₯ μ£Όμλ₯Ό κΈ°μΈμ¬μΌ νλ€.
Fools aim their blows at the rider, not at the horse, which is exactly the opposite of what we should do, at least in the beginning.
μ΄λ¦¬μμ μλ€μ λ§μ΄ μλλΌ κΈ°μλ₯Ό 겨λ₯νλλ°, μ μ΄λ 첫 λ²μ§Έ κ΅μ μμ μ°λ¦¬κ° ν΄μΌ ν κ²μ κ·Έκ²μ μ λ°λ μ λ΅μ΄λ€.
For even if the horses wear leather coverings, as is usual, it is of little help to them against the encounter of the spear,
κ΅°λ§μκ² κ°μ£½ λ§κ°μ μμ°λλΌλ, λμ€ λ격μ λ§λλ°λ λ³λ‘ λμμ΄ λμ§ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€.
besides which some parts of their body often remain uncovered where we can hurt them.
κ²λ€κ° λ§κ°μ΄ κ°λ¦¬μ§ λͺ»νλ κ³³μ 곡격ν΄μ λ€μΉκ² ν μλ μλ€.
Chaper 75: What to do when we want to close with estocs
75μ₯: κ·Όμ μ μμ μμ€ν‘μ μ¬μ©νλ λ°©λ²
In coming close with estocs in hand it is good to parry and bring the pommel of the estoc to catch the opponent's right arm from above,
μμ€ν‘μ λ€κ³ κ·Όμ μ μ λ€μ΄κ° λ, 곡격μ λ§μ λ€μ μμ€ν‘μ μΉΌμ루λ₯Ό μλ μ€λ₯Έν μμͺ½μ λΌμλ£κ³ ,
and as we rotate his arm we should also rotate our horse at the same time,
κ·Έλ°λ€μ ν λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ λ§μ λͺ°λ©΄μ λΆμ‘μ μ€λ₯Ένμ κ°νκ² μ‘μλΉκ²¨μΌ νλ€.
this way the opponent can be easily pulled out of the saddle.
μ΄λ κ² ν΄μ μλλ₯Ό μ½κ² λλ§μν¬ μ μλ€.
If we have a taller horse we can sometimes catch the opponent's head and turn our horse around.
λ€κ° νκ³ μλ λ§μ΄ μΆ©λΆν ν¬λ€λ©΄, ν λμ 머리λ₯Ό λΆμ‘μ λΉκΈΈ μλ μλ€.
But if the opponent catches our head, we should follow him wherever he goes, planting our hand on the arcon of his saddle, strongly pressing our legs, and steadying our body directly over the saddle.
λ°λλ‘ μλκ° κ·Έλ κ² λ€ λ¨Έλ¦¬λ₯Ό λΆμ‘μλ€λ©΄, μλμ λ§μμ₯ ν±μ μμΌλ‘ λΆμ‘κ³ , λ€λ¦¬μ νμ μ£Όμ΄ λλ§νμ§ μλλ‘ λ²ν°λ©΄μ, μλκ° λΉκΈ°λ € νλ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ λ°λΌκ°μΌ νλ€.
But it is better to place our hand firmly on the opponent's neck, which prevents him from deploying great force,
λ³΄λ€ μ’μ λ°©λ²μ, λκ°μ΄ μλμ λͺ©μ λΆμ‘κ³ , νμ μ°μ§ λͺ»νλλ‘ λ°©ν΄νλ κ²μ΄λ€.
as when wish to avoid a 'torno' in wrestling, where our hand placed on his chest interrupts his force.
λ μ¬λ§μμ μλ κ°μ΄μ λΆμ‘κ³ λ€λ¦¬μ‘κΈ°tornoλ₯Ό λ°©ν΄νλ κ²μ²λΌ λ§μ΄λ€.
If the opponent falls into our grasp, we should rotate our horse as I have said, trying to pull him out of his saddle.
κ·Έλ κ² ν΄μ 그립μ μμ±μν€λ©΄, μμ λ°©λ²λλ‘ μμΌλ‘ μλλ₯Ό μ‘μλΉκ²¨ λλ§μμΌμΌ νλ€.
If he tries to take the sword out of our hand, just as he comes to parry, we should bring our right arm and side backward,
λ§μ½ μλκ° λμ κ²κ²©μ λ§μλ΄λ λμμ λμ μΉΌμ λΆμ‘μ λΉΌμμΌλ € νλ€λ©΄, λͺΈμ νλ©΄μ μΉΌμ λ μμ λ€λ‘ λΉΌμΌ νλ€.
and the point of our sword should at once go back from below to the opponent's face.
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ¦μ μλμ μΌκ΅΄μ ν₯ν΄, κ²μ μλμμ μλ‘ μ¬λ € μ°λ¬λΌ.
This can often be done on foot when we throw a right-hand blow and he tries to catch our sword or arm with his left arm.
λ보μ ν¬μμ λ€κ° λ λ¦° μ°μΈ‘λ² κΈ°λ₯Ό μλκ° λ§μλ΄κ³ μΌμμ λ»μ΄μ λμ κ²μ΄λ κ²μ λ μμ λΆμ‘μΌλ € ν λλ μ΄λ° μμΌλ‘ λ°κ²©μ΄ κ°λ₯νλ€.
in that moment, if we withdraw our arm, and turn it back in from below with a thrust at the opponent as I have described, it is easy to harm him.
μμμ λ§ν κ²μ²λΌ, μ€λ₯Ένμ λ€λ‘ λΊλ€κ° λ€μ μλμμ μλ‘ μ¬λ € μ°λ₯΄λ©΄ μλλ₯Ό μ½κ² μ μν μ μλ€.
or when he takes our arm by the same place we can execute a 'torno' on him, so that he falls on his back, and likewise if he means to execute a 'descaderada' in the breton fashion.
μλλ©΄ κ°μ μν©μμ λ€λ¦¬μ‘κΈ°λ‘ λ°κ²©ν΄μ μλλ₯Ό λ°λ₯μ λμ΄λ¨λ¦΄ μλ μλ€. μλκ° λΈλ₯΄νλ΄μμΌλ‘ ν리μ‘κΈ°descaderadaλ₯Ό μλν λλ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ€.
This thrust will counter any stratagem of his in the same manner.
μ΄ μ¬λ €μ°λ₯΄κΈ°λ κ°μ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ μλμ κ±°μ λͺ¨λ μ±
λ΅μ μΉ΄μ΄ν°λ‘ μΈ μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€.
Also note that if we want to tear the estoc from the opponent's hand, this is done better or at least more easily with our right hand than with our left,
λν μ°λ¦¬κ° μλμ μμ€ν‘μ λΆμ‘μ λΉΌμμμΌ νλ€λ©΄, μΌμμΌλ‘ νλ κ²λ³΄λ€ μ€λ₯ΈμμΌλ‘ νλ κ²μ΄ λ λ«κ±°λ μ μ΄λ λ μ½λ€λ κ²μ μμλ¬μΌ νλ€.
as follows:
μ΄λ κ²:
when the opponent tries to strike us with some blow, we should take his weapon-arm, rotating ourselves and our horse to the left side.
μλκ° λͺ λ²μ κ²κ²©μ κ°νλ € ν λ, λλ μΌμͺ½μΌλ‘ λ§μ λͺ°λ©΄μ λμ μ€λ₯ΈμμΌλ‘ μλμ 무기λ 무기λ₯Ό λ μ€λ₯Έμμ λΆμ‘μμΌ νλ€.
And if the opponent tries to take our arm, we should also rotate quickly on the left side along with our horse, as is commonly done in fighting with a small man when we are on foot.
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μλκ° λ€ μμ λΆμ‘μΌλ € νλ©΄, λ보μ ν¬μμ ν€κ° μμ μ¬λμ μλν λμ²λΌ, μ°λ¦¬λ μΌμͺ½μΌλ‘ μ μν λΉ μ ΈμΌ νλ€.
Chapter 54: The advantage of having a long hilt on a sword
54μ₯: κΈ΄ μΉΌμ루μ μ΄μ
Even if a sword is short, during a long fight we may need to take it with both hands and direct the point at the opponent,
μ§§μ μΉΌμ μ°κ³ μμ λλ, μ ν¬κ° μ§μλλ©΄ μΉΌμ μμμΌλ‘ μ‘κ³ μΉΌλμ λ»μ΄ 견μ νλ©΄μ,
doing short blows to ward him off while we relieve our arm.
μ½ν 견μ 곡격μ λ 리며 체λ ₯μ ν볡ν νμκ° μλ€.
But as soon as we want to come into distance, we should let go with one hand,
νμ§λ§ ν΄μμ΄ λλλ©΄ μΉΌμ λ€μ νμμΌλ‘ μ‘κ³ , κ°κΉμ΄ λΆμ΄μ μΈμμΌ νλ€.
and so we can take the opponent uncovered.
κ·Έλ κ² ν΄μΌ μλμ λ°©μ΄λ₯Ό λ«μ μ μμΌλκΉ.
Also, if the opponent is somewhat tired, and we have a strong sword,
λν, λ§μ½ μλκ° μ§μ³μλλ° λ€ μΉΌμ΄ μΆ©λΆν 무κ²κ³ νΌνΌνλ€λ©΄
striking on his sword with both hands can send his sword to the ground.
μΉΌμ루λ₯Ό μμμΌλ‘ μ‘κ³ μλ μΉΌμ νλ €μ³μ μΉΌμ λμΉκ² λ§λ€ μλ μλ€.
This is useful with the estoc when we are on horseback,
λ§μμ ν¬μμ μμ€ν‘μ λ€λ£° λλ, κΈ΄ μΉΌμ루λ μ μ©νλ€.
in which case we should hold the reins long, and deflect the opponent's impetus,
μ°μ μΌμμΌλ‘ λ§κ³ μλ₯Ό μ‘κ³ μ€λ₯Έμμ μμ€ν‘μ λ μνμμ μλμ 곡격μ λ°©μ΄ν λ€μ
and then take up our estoc or heavy sword with both hands,
μμ€ν‘μ μμμΌλ‘ μ‘μμ
and deliver three or four swift blows to his estoc or to some other uncovered part.
μλμ κ²μ΄λ λ€λ₯Έ λ
ΈμΆλ λΆμμ μλ λ²μ μ μν κ²κ²©μ κ°ν΄μΌ νλ€.
κ²½κΈ°λ³λΉλ° μνμ§μ΄λ
μ¬μ€ μ λΆ μ΄ νλ°©μ΄λ©΄ μ£½λλ€
λ§μ£½μ΄λ λΆλΆμ΄ μ‘΄λ 곡κ°κ°λκ² λ§λΈμμ μ λ°μμΌλ‘ νλ©΄ λ°±μ λ°±μΉμ
μΌλ³Έλλ€μ΄ γΉγ μλ΄μ΄ μ£λ€ μΈμμ κ΄λ ¨λ κ΄μ©κ΅¬μΈκ² 'μ₯κ΅°μ μλ €κ±°λ λ¨Όμ λ§μ μ΄λΌ'κ°μ μλ΄μ΄ μμ μ κ΅μλ νμλ€ μλλκΉλ΄
κ²½νμΉ μ€μ§λ€μμ
μ§κ° λ μ°κ³ μ§κ° λ λ¬κ³ λ¨Έμ§?;;
κ·Έκ±° κ΅μ°μΈλ° - dc App
μ΄μκΈ° μ 맨λ 1μ 2μ κ΅¬λΆ λͺ»νκ³ μ λ¬λ?
κΈ°λ³μ μμ λμ€λ 무μΈλͺ¨λ κ±°κ΅° - dc App
λ§μ μ°λ₯΄λ©΄ λμ§ λ§κ°μ νλ λμ€μ§ λͺ»λ§λλ€ λμμλ λμ€λ‘ μ¬λμ°λ₯΄λ건 μ½κ² λ°©μ΄λλ λ§μ°λ₯΄λ©΄ λμλͺ»ν¨
κΈ°λ³μ μμλ μΌλ¨ ν μμΌλ‘λ κ³ μλ₯Ό μ‘μμΌ νλκΉ.
μ΄ λκΈμ κ²μλ¬Ό μμ±μκ° μμ νμμ΅λλ€.
μλ κ·Έλ¬λ©΄ λν΄λ μΉ λ³΄λμμμ κ·Όμ λλΌκ΅° 3κΈ° λλ§μν¨ ν΄λλ μ°½κΈ°λ³μ μ±λ°°κΈ°μ¬κΈμΈκ±°λ
μΈλλ€ μ°½λ§ λ€λ£¨λκ² μλλΌ μΈμ΄λ²λ μλ€λ£¨μ§μλ
μμλ λμμλ―μ΄ μ°½μΌλ‘ λ§μ°λ₯΄λ©΄ λ¨ μ¬λμ°λ₯΄λκ² νλ κ±°μ§