https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/02/15/mikhail-khodorkovsky-russia-opposition-oligarch/


Khodorkovsky warns West of war with China if Russia wins in Ukraine


ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์„œ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



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2021๋…„ 8์›” 20์ผ ๋ฆฌํˆฌ์•„๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ์ž ํšŒ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์•ผ๋‹น ์ธ์‚ฌ์ด์ž ์ „ ๊ณผ๋‘์ •์น˜์ธ์ธ ๋ฏธํ•˜์ผ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์–ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ์— ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฎŒํ—จ ์•ˆ๋ณด ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.



LONDON โ€” A Russian military victory in Ukraine will embolden Beijing and lead to war between the United States and China over Taiwan, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the exiled Russian tycoon and vocal critic of Vladimir Putinโ€™s regime, warned in an interview ahead of remarks that he will deliver to global leaders at a major security and defense conference in Germany this weekend.


๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•ด์ ธ ๋Œ€๋งŒ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง๋ช…ํ•œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์žฌ๋ฒŒ์ด์ž ์œ ์ฝ”์Šค์˜ ์ „ ํšŒ์žฅ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ธ”๋ผ๋””๋ฏธ๋ฅด ํ‘ธํ‹ด ์ •๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์„ผ ๋น„ํŒ์ž์ธ ๋ฏธํ•˜์ผ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง ๋…์ผ ๋ฎŒํ—จ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์•ˆ๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.



โ€œA lost war in Ukraine is a steppingstone to war in the Asia Pacific,โ€ Khodorkovsky said in the interview with The Washington Post in London, where he now lives. โ€œYou need to understand that when even a big guy is hit in the face, a number of other guys will start to doubt whether that guy is really that strong, and they will want to go for his teeth. โ€ฆ If the U.S. wants to go to war in Asia, then the most correct path to this is to show weakness in Ukraine as well.โ€


ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ดํฌ์ŠคํŠธ์™€์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ "์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ ํŒจ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋””๋”ค๋Œ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฉ์น˜ ํฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ์ง€ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋นจ์„ ๊ฐˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ... ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์—์„œ๋„ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."



Khodorkovsky, who spent a decade in prison in Russia before being pardoned by Putin in 2013, said stepping up Western military aid to Ukraine and securing its victory was the only way for the United States to avoid such a military conflict with China.


2013๋…„ ํ‘ธํ‹ด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ฉด๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์—์„œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์‚ด์ด๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ย ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ง€์›์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Khodorkovsky is due to speak this weekend at the Munich Security Conference, where he and two other opposition figures, the former world chess champion Garry Kasparov, and Yulia Navalnaya, the wife of jailed opposition leader Alexei Navalny, have been invited instead of official representatives of the Russian government.



ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง ๋ฎŒํ—จ ์•ˆ๋ณดํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๋ฐ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณต์‹ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฒด์Šค ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฆฌ ์นด์ŠคํŒŒ๋กœํ”„์™€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ ์ค‘์ธ ์•ผ๋‹น ์ง€๋„์ž ์•Œ๋ ‰์„ธ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฐœ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€์ธ ์œจ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚˜๋ฐœ๋‚˜์•ผ ๋“ฑ ์•ผ๋‹น ์ธ์‚ฌ 2๋ช…์ด ์ดˆ์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



Their invitations represent a clear rebuke of the Kremlin over Putinโ€™s war in Ukraine. It is the first time that members of the opposition have been invited instead of Russian officials to the security conference, a high-profile event where Putin gave a landmark speech rejecting the West in 2007 and where Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov is normally a familiar face.


์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋Š” ํ‘ธํ‹ด์˜ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๋ ˜๋ฆฐ๊ถ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2007๋…„ ํ‘ธํ‹ด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์„œ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์ด ๋ผ๋ธŒ๋กœํ”„ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์™ธ๋ฌด์žฅ๊ด€์ด ํ‰์†Œ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์ธ ์•ˆ๋ณด ํšŒ์˜์— ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€์‹  ์•ผ๋‹น ์˜์›๋“ค์ด ์ดˆ์ฒญ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



Russia declined to participate in last yearโ€™s conference, which was held just before the start of its invasion, saying the event was โ€œtransforming into a transatlantic forumโ€ and โ€œlosing its inclusiveness and objectivity.โ€


๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์นจ๊ณต์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ง์ „์— ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ž‘๋…„ ํšŒ์˜์— "๋Œ€์„œ์–‘ ํšก๋‹จ ํฌ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์งˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ "ํฌ์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Christoph Heusgen, the security conference chair, has said official Russian representatives would not be invited as long as Putin โ€œnegates Ukraineโ€™s right to exist.โ€


์•ˆ๋ณดํšŒ์˜ ์˜์žฅ์ธ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ”„ ํ˜ธ์ด์Šค๊ฒ์€ ํ‘ธํ‹ด์ด "์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ" ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ณต์‹ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


In the interview, Khodorkovsky, who was once Russiaโ€™s richest man as the main owner of the Yukos oil company, said that the West now has a choice among three paths in its strategy of support for Ukraine.


์œ ์ฝ”์Šค ์„์œ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฃผ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋•Œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž์˜€๋˜ย ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ์„œ๋ฐฉ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์› ์ „๋žต์—์„œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



The current trajectory, despite recent agreements to supply advanced battle tanks, represents only incremental military support and is setting a path for a protracted and risk-filled war, Khodorkovsky said. In this situation, there are no guarantees that Ukraine can sustain its current level of casualties, while political disputes in the United States ahead of the 2024 presidential election could prompt lawmakers to cut off weapons supplies and economic aid.



ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์ „ํˆฌ ํƒฑํฌ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋Š” ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ง€์›๋งŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2024๋…„ ๋Œ€์„ ์„ ์•ž๋‘” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ถ„์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜์›๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์›์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



โ€œIf the West considers that Ukraine has enough strength to continue to lose 350 to 500 people a day in killed and wounded, and if they can ensure a guaranteed and constant supply of weapons and ammunitions, then fine,โ€ he said. โ€œBut this is a very big risk.โ€ In the meantime, he said, Putin could seek to respond โ€œasymmetricallyโ€ by destabilizing governments in Africa, the Balkans and the Middle East, as well as potentially in the West.



"์„œ๋ฐฉ์ด ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 350~500๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž์™€ ๋ถ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์™€ ํƒ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ํ‘ธํ‹ด์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋ฐœ์นธ ๋ฐ˜๋„, ์ค‘๋™์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด "๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์ "์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.




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2005๋…„ 5์›” 30์ผ ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”์˜ ๋ฒ•์ •์—์„œ ์œ ์ฝ”์Šค ์˜ค์ผ์˜ CEO์˜€๋˜ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” 2013๋…„ ๋ธ”๋ผ๋””๋ฏธ๋ฅด ํ‘ธํ‹ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ฉด๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์—์„œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์—ญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฏธ์ƒค ์žํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์ฒด/AP)



A second path would involve the West rapidly and significantly stepping up military assistance to include long-range missiles and fighter jets that would allow Ukraine to destroy Russian supply lines.



๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์„œ๋ฐฉ์ด ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ๊ณผ ์ „ํˆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ง€์›์„ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



โ€œThe only thing that can break the situation on the battlefield is aviation,โ€ Khodorkovsky said. โ€œEverything else is secondary.โ€



ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” "์ „์žฅ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ๊ณต"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."



Although Western support for Ukraine has been far greater than many had expected, โ€œit doesnโ€™t cancel the fact that the West has to do a lot more,โ€ he said. Assistance has often trailed events on the battlefield, and โ€œby the time you begin to give these missiles and tanks, itโ€™s already going to be too late. โ€ฆ If in three months, the front moves toward Kyiv, they will give planes, but then it will be too late because there wonโ€™t be any airfields left,โ€ he said.



์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ง€์›์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ปธ์ง€๋งŒ "์„œ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์›์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ „์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ž์œผ๋ฉฐ, "๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ๊ณผ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ... 3๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์— ์ „์„ ์ด ํ‚ค์˜ˆํ”„๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰์žฅ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.



A third route would see Washington and its allies eventually โ€œturn around and leave as they did in Afghanistan and as they did in Syria and other places,โ€ he said.



์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์ด "์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ์•„์„œ์„œ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.



โ€œPutin is a person who thinks retrospectively and he considers that if something has happened before, it often happens again in the same way in the future,โ€ Khodorkovsky said. โ€œAnd he is not often wrong in this. Thinking retrospectively, he sees that each time he has begun a small, new war he is able to consolidate society around him, and he has seen the Americans walk away time and again. โ€ฆ But if he ends the Ukraine operation successfully for himself, then the national patriots who are now his main source of support wonโ€™t allow him to stop and the next war will begin.โ€



"ํ‘ธํ‹ด์€ ํšŒ๊ณ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด์ „์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  Khodorkovsky๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์ฃผ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ์ด์ผœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๊ณ  ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ... ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘์ „์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚ด๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€์ง€์ธต์ธ ์• ๊ตญ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."


While Russian aggression would continue beyond Ukraine, Khodorkovsky said, any perceived victory for Putin in Ukraine would also embolden China to move on Taiwan, he said. โ€œWhen I hear from Americans who say we need to choose between aid to Ukraine and aid to Taiwan because we canโ€™t extend to both, it seems so primitive that I have the feeling it must be a trick,โ€ he said.



ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์นจ๋žต์€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ณ„์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์—์„œ ํ‘ธํ‹ด์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ๋„ ๋Œ€๋งŒ์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•  ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์กฐ์™€ ๋Œ€๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์กฐ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†์ž„์ˆ˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค ์ •๋„๋กœ ์›์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



Any negotiated settlement in which Ukraine would be forced to agree to cede territory, such as the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, would harden the position of hawks, whom the Russian president has been forced to rely on to drum up public support for the war. Putin would then be โ€œforced under pressureโ€ to launch further attacks on Ukraine, Khodorkovsky said.



์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋„๋„ค์ธ ํฌ์™€ ๋ฃจํ•œ์Šคํฌ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ํ† ๋ฅผ ์–‘๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜‘์ƒ ํ•ฉ์˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์กดํ•ด์•ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งคํŒŒ์˜ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตณํž ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ‘ธํ‹ด์€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” "์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ย ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


Khodorkovsky has long used his Open Russia Foundation to combat Putinโ€™s regime and now sponsors an array of Russian political opposition projects. His most recent book โ€œHow to Slay a Dragonโ€ calls on the West to begin preparing for a post-Putin, postwar regime in which Russiaโ€™s presidential system should be dismantled and replaced with a parliamentary republic.


ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์žฌ๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‘ธํ‹ด ์ •๊ถŒ์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์›Œ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ •์น˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ›„์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ €์„œ์ธ "์šฉ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•"์€ ์„œ๋ฐฉ์— ํ‘ธํ‹ด ์ดํ›„ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ํšŒ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํ›„ ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


A rapid escalation in Western support for Ukraine to end the war quickly, defeating Russian troops, would be โ€œbest for Russia,โ€ Khodorkovsky said. โ€œFewer people will die and the buildup in strength of the terrible national patriots will be less,โ€ he said.



ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ง€์›์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ตฐ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ณ  ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด "๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ตœ์„ "์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. "๋” ์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์• ๊ตญ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํž˜์˜ ์ถ•์ ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



Otherwise, the country faces a far deeper collapse. The longer the war continues, the greater the chance that Russians will stop blaming their government for the deaths of their loved ones and blame Ukraine instead, he said.



๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ๋ถ•๊ดด์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์ธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‹  ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๋‚œ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.


According to Khodorkovsky, a protracted conflict is also risky for Putin, who is facing resentment from each side of a deeply divided elite: the hawkish nationalist patriot camp, which believes Putin should act more decisively and radically to conquer Ukraine, and a more liberal-minded camp that considers the war a terrible mistake.



ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‘ธํ‹ด์ด ๋” ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋งคํŒŒ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ ์• ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜ ์ง„์˜๊ณผ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ง„์˜์œผ๋กœ ์–‘๋ถ„๋œ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์ธต์˜ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ํ‘ธํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.




So far, there is no sign anyone will act against the authoritarian president. But if it becomes clear that Putin is losing the war, Khodorkovsky said history could repeat itself with regional governors refusing to take orders from Moscow, as they did in 1999, a situation that ultimately forced the weakened president, Boris Yeltsin, to resign.



์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ย ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ํ‘ธํ‹ด์ด ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด 1999๋…„ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„ ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์˜์นœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์‚ฌ์ž„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.



Putin, so far, is holding firm. โ€œThe propaganda is still able to convince people that they are winning on the front,โ€ Khodorkovsky said, adding that even a botched conscription effort had not undermined Putin. โ€œThe mobilization went through more easily for him than many expected,โ€ he said, adding: โ€œItโ€™s a question now of what happens on the battlefield. Everything else has an absolutely marginal meaning.โ€



ํ‘ธํ‹ด์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตณ๊ฑดํžˆ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅด์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” "์„ ์ „์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์ง•๋ณ‘ ํ™œ๋™์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ํ‘ธํ‹ด์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋™์›์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์ด์ œ ์ „์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋А๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ฝ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."