https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/07/01/russia-posts-record-covid-deaths-for-third-day-running-a74385



ClimateĀ changeĀ isĀ aĀ seriousĀ globalĀ problemĀ thatĀ hasĀ beenĀ causedĀ inĀ largeĀ partĀ byĀ humanĀ economicĀ activity,Ā PresidentĀ VladimirĀ PutinĀ saidĀ inĀ hisĀ DirectĀ LineĀ phone-inĀ withĀ RussiansĀ Wednesday.Ā 

TheĀ statementĀ marksĀ aĀ majorĀ changeĀ inĀ theĀ RussianĀ president’sĀ rhetoricĀ onĀ climateĀ change.

DuringĀ hisĀ twoĀ decadesĀ inĀ power,Ā PutinĀ hasĀ goneĀ fromĀ jokingĀ aboutĀ theĀ climateĀ crisisĀ toĀ graduallyĀ acceptingĀ responsibilityĀ forĀ respondingĀ toĀ climateĀ changeĀ asĀ itsĀ effectsĀ haveĀ becomeĀ moreĀ pronouncedĀ inĀ Russia,Ā theĀ world’sĀ fourth-largestĀ greenhouseĀ gasĀ emitterĀ whichĀ isĀ warmingĀ fasterĀ thanĀ theĀ restĀ ofĀ theĀ planet.

Here’sĀ aĀ lookĀ atĀ howĀ Putin’sĀ opinionsĀ onĀ climateĀ changeĀ haveĀ evolvedĀ overĀ theĀ years:

Ā 

ėø”ė¼ė””ėÆøė„“Ā ķ‘øķ‹“Ā ėŒ€ķ†µė ¹ģ€Ā ģˆ˜ģš”ģ¼Ā ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„ģøź³¼ģ˜Ā ģ§ķ†µĀ ģ „ķ™”Ā ķ†µķ™”ģ—ģ„œĀ źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ėŠ”Ā ģøź°„ģ˜Ā ź²½ģ œĀ ķ™œė™ģœ¼ė”œĀ ģøķ•“Ā ģ•¼źø°ėœĀ ģ‹¬ź°ķ•œĀ źø€ė”œė²ŒĀ ė¬øģ œė¼ź³ Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā 

ģ“Ā ģ„±ėŖ…ģ€Ā źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•œĀ ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„Ā ėŒ€ķ†µė ¹ģ˜Ā ģˆ˜ģ‚¬ģ—Ā ķ°Ā ė³€ķ™”ė„¼Ā ź°€ģ øģ™”ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.

푸틓 ėŒ€ķ†µė ¹ģ€ ģ§‘ź¶Œ 20ė…„ ė™ģ•ˆ 기후 ģœ„źø°ģ— ėŒ€ķ•œ ė†ė‹“ģ—ģ„œ 점차 기후 변화에 ėŒ€ķ•œ ģ±…ģž„ģ„ ģøģ •ķ•˜ėŠ” ķƒœė„ė”œ ė°”ė€Œģ—ˆź³ , 세계 4ģœ„ģ˜ ģ˜Øģ‹¤ź°€ģŠ¤ ė°°ģ¶œźµ­ģ“ģž 지구 ģ˜Øė‚œķ™”ź°€ 다넸 ė‚˜ė¼ė³“ė‹¤ 빠넓게 ģ§„ķ–‰ė˜ź³  ģžˆėŠ” ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„ģ—ģ„œ ź·ø ģ˜ķ–„ģ“ ė”ģš± ė‘ė“œėŸ¬ģ§€ź²Œ ė‚˜ķƒ€ė‚˜ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.(주 : ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ 말만 ķ•˜ėŠ” 것과 ģ‹¤ģ§ˆģ ģø ėŒ€ģ‘ģ„ ķ•˜ėŠėƒėŠ” 다넸 법)

źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•œĀ ķ‘øķ‹“Ā ėŒ€ķ†µė ¹ģ˜Ā ģ˜ź²¬ģ“Ā ģ§€ė‚œĀ ėŖ‡Ā ė…„Ā ė™ģ•ˆĀ ģ–“ė–»ź²ŒĀ ė³€ķ™”ķ•“Ā ģ™”ėŠ”ģ§€Ā ģ‚“ķŽ“ė³“ģ„øģš”:


2003:Ā FurĀ coats

ā€œMaybeĀ climateĀ changeĀ isĀ notĀ soĀ badĀ inĀ suchĀ aĀ coldĀ countryĀ asĀ ours?Ā 2-3Ā degreesĀ wouldn’tĀ hurt – we’llĀ spendĀ lessĀ onĀ furĀ coats,Ā andĀ theĀ grainĀ harvestĀ wouldĀ goĀ up,ā€Ā PutinĀ famouslyĀ saidĀ inĀ 2003Ā whenĀ askedĀ whetherĀ RussiaĀ wouldĀ signĀ theĀ KyotoĀ Protocol.

AtĀ theĀ time,Ā dataĀ thatĀ predictedĀ catastrophicĀ climateĀ consequencesĀ forĀ RussiaĀ andĀ otherĀ northernĀ countriesĀ wasĀ alreadyĀ available.


2003:Ā ėŖØķ”¼Ā ģ½”ķŠø

"ģš°ė¦¬ģ²˜ėŸ¼Ā ģ¶”ģš“Ā ė‚˜ė¼ģ—ģ„œėŠ”Ā źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ź°€Ā ź·øė ‡ź²ŒĀ ė‚˜ģ˜ģ§€Ā ģ•Šģ„Ā ģˆ˜ė„Ā ģžˆģ§€Ā ģ•Šģ„ź¹Œģš”?Ā 2~3ė„Ā ģ •ė„ėŠ”Ā ė‚˜ģ˜ģ§€Ā ģ•Šģ„Ā ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā ėŖØķ”¼Ā ģ½”ķŠøģ—Ā ģ“°ėŠ”Ā ėˆė„Ā ģ¤„ģ–“ė“¤ź³ Ā ź³”ė¬¼Ā ģˆ˜ķ™•ėŸ‰ė„Ā ėŠ˜ģ–“ė‚ Ā ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤."ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā 2003ė…„ģ—Ā ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„ź°€Ā źµķ† Ā ģ˜ģ •ģ„œģ—Ā ģ„œėŖ…ķ• Ā ź²ƒģøģ§€ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•œĀ ģ§ˆė¬øģ„Ā ė°›ģžĀ ģ“ė ‡ź²ŒĀ ģœ ėŖ…ķ•˜ź²ŒĀ ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.

ė‹¹ģ‹œģ—ėŠ”Ā ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„ģ™€Ā ė‹¤ė„øĀ ė¶ė¶€Ā źµ­ź°€ė“¤ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•œĀ ģž¬ģ•™ģ ģøĀ źø°ķ›„Ā ź²°ź³¼ė„¼Ā ģ˜ˆģø”ķ•˜ėŠ”Ā ė°ģ“ķ„°ź°€Ā ģ“ėÆøĀ ģ”“ģž¬ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.


2015:Ā ā€˜OneĀ ofĀ theĀ gravestĀ challenges’

InĀ aĀ 2015Ā addressĀ toĀ theĀ UN,Ā PutinĀ hadĀ changedĀ hisĀ tone,Ā acknowledgingĀ thatĀ climateĀ changeĀ isĀ ā€œoneĀ ofĀ theĀ gravestĀ challengesĀ humanityĀ isĀ facingā€Ā andĀ promisingĀ byĀ 2030Ā toĀ cutĀ Russia’sĀ emissionsĀ byĀ 70-75%,Ā comparedĀ withĀ 1990Ā levels.Ā 

CriticsĀ haveĀ saidĀ PutinĀ embracedĀ theĀ 2015Ā ParisĀ ClimateĀ AgreementĀ becauseĀ itĀ usedĀ 1990 — theĀ yearĀ beforeĀ theĀ SovietĀ UnionĀ disbandedĀ andĀ triggeredĀ oneĀ ofĀ theĀ mostĀ devastatingĀ economicĀ collapsesĀ inĀ modernĀ history — asĀ theĀ referenceĀ yearĀ forĀ measuringĀ reductionsĀ inĀ carbonĀ emissions.

ComparedĀ withĀ 1990,Ā RussiaĀ hasĀ alreadyĀ cutĀ greenhouseĀ gasesĀ byĀ aboutĀ 25%,Ā aĀ reductionĀ noĀ otherĀ majorĀ countryĀ canĀ currentlyĀ match.

Ā 

Ā 

2015:Ā 2015ė…„:Ā 'ź°€ģž„Ā ģ‹¬ź°ķ•œĀ ė„ģ „Ā ģ¤‘Ā ķ•˜ė‚˜'


2015ė…„Ā ģœ ģ—”Ā ģ—°ģ„¤ģ—ģ„œĀ ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ź°€Ā "ģøė„˜ź°€Ā ģ§ė©“ķ•œĀ ź°€ģž„Ā ģ‹¬ź°ķ•œĀ ė„ģ „Ā ģ¤‘Ā ķ•˜ė‚˜"ģž„ģ„Ā ģøģ •ķ•˜ź³ Ā 2030ė…„ź¹Œģ§€Ā ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„ģ˜Ā ķƒ„ģ†ŒĀ ė°°ģ¶œėŸ‰ģ„Ā 1990ė…„Ā ģˆ˜ģ¤€Ā ėŒ€ė¹„Ā 70~75%Ā ź°ģ¶•ķ•˜ź² ė‹¤ź³ Ā ģ•½ģ†ķ•˜ėŠ”Ā ė“±Ā ķƒœė„ė„¼Ā ė°”źæØģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā 

ė¹„ķ‰ź°€ė“¤ģ€Ā ķ‘øķ‹“ģ“Ā 2015ė…„Ā ķŒŒė¦¬Ā źø°ķ›„Ā ķ˜‘ģ•½ģ„Ā ģˆ˜ģš©ķ•œĀ ź²ƒģ€Ā ģ†Œė Øģ“Ā ķ•“ģ²“ė˜ź³ Ā ķ˜„ėŒ€Ā ģ—­ģ‚¬ģƒĀ ź°€ģž„Ā ķŒŒź““ģ ģøĀ ź²½ģ œĀ ė¶•ź““ė„¼Ā ģ“‰ė°œķ•œĀ 1990ė…„ģ„Ā ķƒ„ģ†ŒĀ ė°°ģ¶œėŸ‰Ā ź°ģ¶•ģ„Ā ģø”ģ •ķ•˜ėŠ”Ā źø°ģ¤€Ā ģ—°ė„ė”œĀ ģ‚¼ģ•˜źø°Ā ė•Œė¬øģ“ė¼ź³ Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.

1990ė…„ģ—Ā ė¹„ķ•“Ā ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„ėŠ”Ā ģ“ėÆøĀ ģ˜Øģ‹¤ź°€ģŠ¤ė„¼Ā ģ•½Ā 25%Ā ź°ģ¶•ķ–ˆģœ¼ė©°,Ā ģ“ėŠ”Ā ķ˜„ģž¬Ā ė‹¤ė„øĀ ģ£¼ģš”Ā źµ­ź°€ź°€Ā ė”°ė¼ģ˜¬Ā ģˆ˜Ā ģ—†ėŠ”Ā ģˆ˜ģ¹˜ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.



2017:Ā ā€˜InvisibleĀ changesĀ inĀ theĀ galaxy’

InĀ 2017,Ā PutinĀ saidĀ volcanicĀ eruptionsĀ areĀ responsibleĀ forĀ moreĀ greenhouseĀ gasĀ emissionsĀ thanĀ humanĀ economicĀ activity.Ā 

AĀ yearĀ later,Ā heĀ saidĀ climateĀ changeĀ wasĀ causedĀ byĀ ā€œchangesĀ ofĀ globalĀ character,Ā cosmicĀ changes,Ā someĀ invisibleĀ movesĀ inĀ theĀ galaxy.ā€Ā 

InĀ theĀ IPCC’sĀ 2018Ā report,Ā UNĀ climatologistsĀ againĀ ruledĀ outĀ theoriesĀ thatĀ volcanicĀ andĀ cosmicĀ changesĀ areĀ responsibleĀ forĀ theĀ climateĀ crisis.

Ā 

Ā 

Ā 

2017:Ā 'ģ€ķ•˜ź³„ģ˜Ā ė³“ģ“ģ§€Ā ģ•ŠėŠ”Ā ė³€ķ™”'

2017ė…„Ā ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā ķ™”ģ‚°Ā ķ­ė°œģ“Ā ģøź°„ģ˜Ā ź²½ģ œĀ ķ™œė™ė³“ė‹¤Ā ė”Ā ė§Žģ€Ā ģ˜Øģ‹¤ź°€ģŠ¤ė„¼Ā ė°°ģ¶œķ•œė‹¤ź³ Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā 

1ė…„ 후, ź·øėŠ” 기후 변화가 "지구적 ģ„±ź²©ģ˜ 변화, ģš°ģ£¼ģ˜ 변화, ģ€ķ•˜ź³„ģ˜ ė³“ģ“ģ§€ ģ•ŠėŠ” ģ›€ģ§ģž„"으딜 ģøķ•“ ė°œģƒķ•œė‹¤ź³  ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā 


IPCCģ˜Ā 2018ė…„Ā ė³“ź³ ģ„œģ—ģ„œĀ ģœ ģ—”Ā źø°ķ›„ķ•™ģžė“¤ģ€Ā ķ™”ģ‚°ź³¼Ā ģš°ģ£¼Ā ė³€ķ™”ź°€Ā źø°ķ›„Ā ģœ„źø°ģ˜Ā ģ›ģøģ“ė¼ėŠ”Ā ģ“ė” ģ„Ā ė‹¤ģ‹œĀ ķ•œĀ ė²ˆĀ ė°°ģ œķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.



2019:Ā ā€˜ShakingĀ wormsĀ fromĀ theĀ ground’


InĀ laterĀ years,Ā PutinĀ shiftedĀ fromĀ outrightĀ denialĀ ofĀ human-causedĀ climateĀ changeĀ toĀ expressingĀ skepticismĀ towardĀ proposedĀ solutionsĀ likeĀ renewableĀ energy.Ā 

ā€œBlindĀ faithĀ inĀ simple,Ā attractiveĀ butĀ inefficientĀ solutionsĀ leadsĀ toĀ problems,ā€Ā PutinĀ saidĀ atĀ aĀ 2019Ā industryĀ conference,Ā referringĀ toĀ theĀ UN’sĀ recommendationsĀ toĀ startĀ transitioningĀ awayĀ fromĀ fossilĀ fuels.

"Wind-poweredĀ generationĀ isĀ good,Ā butĀ areĀ birdsĀ beingĀ takenĀ intoĀ accountĀ inĀ thisĀ case?Ā HowĀ manyĀ birdsĀ areĀ dying?Ā TheyĀ [windĀ turbines]Ā shake,Ā causingĀ wormsĀ toĀ comeĀ outĀ ofĀ theĀ soil.Ā ThisĀ isĀ notĀ aĀ joke,"Ā heĀ continued.Ā ā€œOfĀ course,Ā youĀ can’tĀ denyĀ theĀ opportunityĀ toĀ wearĀ animalĀ skinsĀ orĀ moveĀ intoĀ caves,Ā forĀ thoseĀ whoĀ wantĀ to.ā€

Ā 

Ā 

2019ė…„:Ā 'ė•…ģ—ģ„œĀ ė²Œė ˆė„¼Ā ķ”ė“¤ė‹¤'

Ā 


ė§ė…„ģ—Ā ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā ģøź°„ģ“Ā ģ“ˆėž˜ķ•œĀ źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ė„¼Ā ė…øź³Øģ ģœ¼ė”œĀ ė¶€ģ •ķ•˜ėŠ”Ā ź²ƒģ—ģ„œĀ ģž¬ģƒĀ ģ—ė„ˆģ§€ģ™€Ā ź°™ģ€Ā ķ•“ź²°ģ±…ģ—Ā ķšŒģ˜ģ ģøĀ ķƒœė„ė„¼Ā ė³“ģ˜€ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā 

"ė‹Øģˆœķ•˜ź³ Ā ė§¤ė „ģ ģ“ģ§€ė§ŒĀ ė¹„ķšØģœØģ ģøĀ ķ•“ź²°ģ±…ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•œĀ ė§¹ģ‹ ģ€Ā ė¬øģ œė„¼Ā ģ•¼źø°ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤."ė¼ź³ Ā ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā 2019ė…„Ā ķ•œĀ ģ—…ź³„Ā ģ»Øķ¼ėŸ°ģŠ¤ģ—ģ„œĀ ķ™”ģ„Ā ģ—°ė£Œģ—ģ„œĀ ė²—ģ–“ė‚˜źø°Ā ģ‹œģž‘ķ•˜ė¼ėŠ”Ā ģœ ģ—”ģ˜Ā ź¶Œź³ ė„¼Ā ģ–øźø‰ķ•˜ė©°Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.

"ķ’ė „Ā ė°œģ „ģ€Ā ģ¢‹ģ§€ė§ŒĀ ģ“Ā ź²½ģš°Ā ģ”°ė„˜ź°€Ā ź³ ė ¤ė˜ź³ Ā ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆź¹Œ?Ā ģ–¼ė§ˆė‚˜Ā ė§Žģ€Ā ģƒˆė“¤ģ“Ā ģ£½ģ–“ź°€ź³ Ā ģžˆė‚˜ģš”?Ā ķ’ė „Ā ķ„°ė¹ˆģ“Ā ķ”ė“¤ė¦¬ė©“ģ„œĀ ė•…ģ†ģ—ģ„œĀ ė²Œė ˆź°€Ā ė‚˜ģ˜¤źø°ė„Ā ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā ģ“ź²ƒģ€Ā ė†ė‹“ģ“Ā ģ•„ė‹™ė‹ˆė‹¤."ė¼ź³ Ā ź·øėŠ”Ā ź³„ģ†Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā "ė¬¼ė” Ā ģ›ķ•œė‹¤ė©“Ā ė™ė¬¼Ā ź°€ģ£½ģ„Ā ģž…ź±°ė‚˜Ā ė™źµ“ė”œĀ ģ“ģ‚¬ķ• Ā ģˆ˜Ā ģžˆėŠ”Ā źø°ķšŒė„¼Ā ė¶€ģ •ķ• Ā ģˆ˜ėŠ”Ā ģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤."



2020:Ā ā€˜TheĀ problemĀ requiresĀ moreĀ attention’


ByĀ 2020,Ā PutinĀ hadĀ begunĀ toĀ acknowledgeĀ humanity’sĀ roleĀ inĀ environmentalĀ disasters.

ā€œHumansĀ areĀ stillĀ notĀ protectedĀ byĀ naturalĀ catastrophes,Ā mostĀ ofĀ whichĀ haveĀ beenĀ causedĀ byĀ anthropogenicĀ interferences,ā€Ā PutinĀ saidĀ duringĀ aĀ ValdaiĀ ClubĀ plenaryĀ inĀ October.Ā HumanĀ exploitationĀ ofĀ naturalĀ resourcesĀ createdĀ ā€œcriticalĀ tensionĀ whichĀ weĀ canĀ seeĀ inĀ theĀ caseĀ ofĀ climateĀ change,ā€Ā heĀ said,Ā aĀ problemĀ thatĀ ā€œrequiresĀ realĀ actionsĀ andĀ wayĀ moreĀ attention.ā€


AtĀ aĀ U.S.-ledĀ climateĀ summitĀ thisĀ year,Ā PutinĀ saidĀ itĀ isĀ crucialĀ toĀ makeĀ theĀ globalĀ energyĀ sectorĀ moreĀ efficientĀ andĀ toĀ createĀ carbonĀ captureĀ andĀ hydrogenĀ fuelĀ productionĀ systems.Ā CuttingĀ methaneĀ emissionsĀ playsĀ aĀ majorĀ roleĀ becauseĀ itsĀ atmosphereĀ warmingĀ potentialĀ isĀ 25Ā timesĀ higherĀ thanĀ thatĀ ofĀ carbonĀ dioxide,Ā PutinĀ saidĀ withoutĀ mentioningĀ theĀ gas,Ā oilĀ andĀ coalĀ industries,Ā whichĀ areĀ responsibleĀ forĀ nearlyĀ doublingĀ CO2Ā levelsĀ inĀ theĀ atmosphere.

Ā 


2020ė…„:Ā 'ė”Ā ė§Žģ€Ā ź“€ģ‹¬ģ“Ā ķ•„ģš”ķ•œĀ ė¬øģ œ'

2020ė…„ģ“Ā ė˜ģžĀ ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā ķ™˜ź²½Ā ģž¬ė‚œģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•œĀ ģøė„˜ģ˜Ā ģ—­ķ• ģ„Ā ģøģ •ķ•˜źø°Ā ģ‹œģž‘ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.

ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā 10ģ›”ģ—Ā ģ—“ė¦°Ā ė°œė‹¤ģ“Ā ķ“ėŸ½Ā ģ“ķšŒģ—ģ„œĀ "ģøź°„ģ€Ā ģ—¬ģ „ķžˆĀ ģžģ—°ģž¬ķ•“ė”œė¶€ķ„°Ā ė³“ķ˜øė°›ģ§€Ā ėŖ»ķ•˜ź³ Ā ģžˆģœ¼ė©°,Ā ź·øĀ ėŒ€ė¶€ė¶„ģ€Ā ģøģœ„ģ ģøĀ ź°„ģ„­ģœ¼ė”œĀ ģøķ•“Ā ė°œģƒķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤."ė¼ź³ Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā ź·øėŠ”Ā ģ²œģ—°Ā ģžģ›ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•œĀ ģøź°„ģ˜Ā ģ°©ģ·Øź°€Ā "źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ģ˜Ā ź²½ģš°Ā ģš°ė¦¬ź°€Ā ė³¼Ā ģˆ˜Ā ģžˆėŠ”Ā ģ‹¬ź°ķ•œĀ źø“ģž„"ģ„Ā ģ•¼źø°ķ–ˆģœ¼ė©°,Ā ģ“ėŠ”Ā "ģ‹¤ģ œĀ ķ–‰ė™ź³¼Ā ė”Ā ė§Žģ€Ā ź“€ģ‹¬ģ“Ā ķ•„ģš”ķ•œĀ ė¬øģ œ"ė¼ź³ Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.

ģ˜¬ķ•“Ā ėÆøźµ­Ā ģ£¼ė„ģ˜Ā źø°ķ›„Ā ģ •ģƒķšŒģ˜ģ—ģ„œĀ ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā źø€ė”œė²ŒĀ ģ—ė„ˆģ§€Ā ė¶€ė¬øģ˜Ā ķšØģœØģ„±ģ„Ā ė†’ģ“ź³ Ā ķƒ„ģ†ŒĀ ķ¬ģ§‘Ā ė°Ā ģˆ˜ģ†ŒĀ ģ—°ė£ŒĀ ģƒģ‚°Ā ģ‹œģŠ¤ķ…œģ„Ā źµ¬ģ¶•ķ•˜ėŠ”Ā ź²ƒģ“Ā ģ¤‘ģš”ķ•˜ė‹¤ź³ Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā ķ‘øķ‹“Ā ėŒ€ķ†µė ¹ģ€Ā ėŒ€źø°Ā ģ¤‘Ā ģ“ģ‚°ķ™”ķƒ„ģ†ŒĀ ė°°ģ¶œėŸ‰ģ„Ā ź±°ģ˜Ā ė‘Ā ė°°ė”œĀ ģ¦ź°€ģ‹œķ‚¤ėŠ”Ā ź°€ģŠ¤,Ā ģ„ģœ ,Ā ģ„ķƒ„Ā ģ‚°ģ—…ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•“ģ„œėŠ”Ā ģ–øźø‰ķ•˜ģ§€Ā ģ•Šģ€Ā ģ±„Ā ė©”ķƒ„Ā ė°°ģ¶œėŸ‰ģ„Ā ģ¤„ģ“ėŠ”Ā ź²ƒģ“Ā ģ¤‘ģš”ķ•œĀ ģ—­ķ• ģ„Ā ķ•œė‹¤ź³ Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.




2021:Ā ā€˜NotĀ withoutĀ reason’


AtĀ Wednesday’sĀ DirectĀ LineĀ event,Ā anĀ anonymousĀ questionĀ askedĀ PutinĀ ā€œWhat’sĀ happeningĀ withĀ theĀ climate?Ā WhyĀ hasĀ natureĀ goneĀ mad?ā€Ā inĀ referenceĀ toĀ aĀ recentĀ cascadeĀ ofĀ extremeĀ weatherĀ eventsĀ acrossĀ theĀ country.Ā 

ā€œManyĀ people,Ā notĀ withoutĀ reason,Ā thinkĀ thatĀ climateĀ changeĀ isĀ linked,Ā mostĀ ofĀ all,Ā toĀ humanĀ activity,Ā toĀ emissionsĀ ofĀ pollutantsĀ intoĀ theĀ atmosphere,Ā primarilyĀ CO2,ā€Ā PutinĀ answered.Ā 

ā€œTheĀ tragedyĀ isn’tĀ thatĀ theĀ climateĀ inĀ differentĀ regionsĀ ofĀ theĀ EarthĀ changesĀ periodically,Ā butĀ thatĀ someĀ believeĀ thatĀ whenĀ theĀ climateĀ changesĀ inĀ certainĀ regionsĀ andĀ onĀ theĀ entireĀ planet,Ā itĀ willĀ comeĀ toĀ aĀ certainĀ dangerousĀ point...Ā andĀ ifĀ humanityĀ addsĀ toĀ that,Ā thenĀ irreversibleĀ processesĀ mayĀ kickĀ inĀ whichĀ willĀ makeĀ ourĀ planetĀ lookĀ likeĀ Venus,Ā whereĀ theĀ surfaceĀ temperatureĀ isĀ aroundĀ 500Ā degreesĀ Celsius.ā€

PutinĀ notedĀ thatĀ thisĀ theoryĀ couldĀ beĀ wrongĀ andĀ underlinedĀ thatĀ humansĀ canĀ hardlyĀ affectĀ theĀ universeĀ itself,Ā againstĀ whichĀ theyĀ areĀ nearlyĀ powerless.Ā YetĀ ā€œweĀ mustĀ minimizeĀ theĀ impactĀ weĀ have,ā€Ā heĀ said.Ā 

HeĀ wentĀ onĀ toĀ discussĀ theĀ directĀ threatsĀ ofĀ climateĀ changeĀ toĀ RussiaĀ suchĀ asĀ meltingĀ permafrost,Ā desertificationĀ andĀ damageĀ toĀ agriculture.Ā HeĀ alsoĀ mentionedĀ theĀ government’sĀ latestĀ plansĀ aimedĀ atĀ preparingĀ sectorsĀ ofĀ RussianĀ economyĀ forĀ theĀ ā€œinevitableā€Ā consequencesĀ ofĀ climateĀ change.

DespiteĀ acknowledgingĀ theseĀ consequences,Ā PutinĀ didn’tĀ discussĀ specificĀ policiesĀ aimedĀ atĀ cuttingĀ fossilĀ fuelĀ productionĀ orĀ strengtheningĀ renewableĀ energy.Ā HeĀ alsoĀ saidĀ RussiaĀ isĀ currentlyĀ doingĀ moreĀ toĀ fightĀ climateĀ changeĀ thanĀ theĀ EU.Ā 

RussiaĀ isĀ meanwhileĀ increasingĀ itsĀ fossilĀ fuelĀ productionĀ andĀ remainsĀ theĀ onlyĀ oneĀ ofĀ theĀ world’sĀ topĀ sevenĀ carbon-emittersĀ toĀ haveĀ notĀ yetĀ presentedĀ aĀ moreĀ ambitiousĀ climateĀ policyĀ aheadĀ ofĀ COP26,Ā asĀ theĀ ParisĀ AgreementĀ requires.

Ā 

Ā 

2021ė…„:Ā 'ģ“ģœ ź°€Ā ģ—†ėŠ”Ā ź²ƒģ€Ā ģ•„ė‹ˆė‹¤'

Ā 


ģˆ˜ģš”ģ¼ģ˜Ā ė‹¤ģ“ė ‰ķŠøĀ ė¼ģøĀ ķ–‰ģ‚¬ģ—ģ„œĀ ģµėŖ…ģ˜Ā ģ§ˆė¬øģžź°€Ā ķ‘øķ‹“ģ—ź²ŒĀ "źø°ķ›„ģ—Ā ė¬“ģŠØĀ ģ¼ģ“Ā ģ¼ģ–“ė‚˜ź³ Ā ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆź¹Œ?Ā ģžģ—°ģ€Ā ģ™œĀ ėÆøģ³ė²„ė¦°Ā ź²ƒģ¼ź¹Œģš”?"Ā ģµœź·¼Ā ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„Ā ģ „ģ—­ģ—ģ„œĀ ė°œģƒķ•œĀ ģ¼ė Øģ˜Ā źø°ģƒģ“ė³€ź³¼Ā ź“€ė Øķ•˜ģ—¬Ā ķ‘øķ‹“ģ—ź²ŒĀ ė˜ģ§„Ā ģ§ˆė¬øģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā 

ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā "ė§Žģ€Ā ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“Ā źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ź°€Ā ė¬“ģ—‡ė³“ė‹¤ė„Ā ģøź°„Ā ķ™œė™,Ā ģ£¼ė”œĀ ģ“ģ‚°ķ™”ķƒ„ģ†Œė„¼Ā ė¹„ė”Æķ•œĀ ģ˜¤ģ—¼Ā ė¬¼ģ§ˆģ˜Ā ėŒ€źø°Ā ģ¤‘Ā ė°°ģ¶œź³¼Ā ź“€ė Øģ“Ā ģžˆė‹¤ź³ Ā ģƒź°ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤."ė¼ź³ Ā ėŒ€ė‹µķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā 

"ė¹„ź·¹ģ€Ā ģ§€źµ¬ģ˜Ā ģ—¬ėŸ¬Ā ģ§€ģ—­ģ˜Ā źø°ķ›„ź°€Ā ģ£¼źø°ģ ģœ¼ė”œĀ ė³€ķ•œė‹¤ėŠ”Ā ź²ƒģ“Ā ģ•„ė‹ˆė¼Ā ģ¼ė¶€Ā ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“Ā ķŠ¹ģ •Ā ģ§€ģ—­ź³¼Ā ģ§€źµ¬Ā ģ „ģ²“ģ˜Ā źø°ķ›„ź°€Ā ė³€ķ•˜ė©“Ā ģ–“ė–¤Ā ģœ„ķ—˜ķ•œĀ ģ§€ģ ģ—Ā ė„ė‹¬ķ• Ā ź²ƒģ“ė¼ź³ Ā ėÆæėŠ”ė‹¤ėŠ”Ā ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤...Ā ģøė„˜ź°€Ā ź±°źø°ģ—Ā ė”ķ•˜ė©“Ā ėŒģ“ķ‚¬Ā ģˆ˜Ā ģ—†ėŠ”Ā ź³¼ģ •ģ“Ā ģ‹œģž‘ė˜ģ–“Ā ģ§€źµ¬ź°€Ā ķ‘œė©“Ā ģ˜Øė„ź°€Ā ģ„­ģ”ØĀ 500ė„Ā ģ •ė„ģøĀ źøˆģ„±ģ²˜ėŸ¼Ā ė Ā ģˆ˜Ā ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤."

ķ‘øķ‹“ģ€Ā ģ“Ā ģ“ė” ģ“Ā ķ‹€ė¦“Ā ģˆ˜Ā ģžˆė‹¤ź³ Ā ģ§€ģ ķ•˜ė©°Ā ģøź°„ģ€Ā ź±°ģ˜Ā ė¬“ė „ķ•œĀ ģš°ģ£¼Ā ģžģ²“ģ—Ā ź±°ģ˜Ā ģ˜ķ–„ģ„Ā ėÆøģ¹ Ā ģˆ˜Ā ģ—†ė‹¤ź³ Ā ź°•ģ”°ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā ķ•˜ģ§€ė§ŒĀ "ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ”Ā ģš°ė¦¬ź°€Ā ėÆøģ¹˜ėŠ”Ā ģ˜ķ–„ģ„Ā ģµœģ†Œķ™”ķ•“ģ•¼Ā ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤."ė¼ź³ Ā ź·øėŠ”Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā 

ź·øėŠ”Ā ģ“ģ–“ģ„œĀ ģ˜źµ¬Ā ė™ķ† ģøµģ“Ā ė…¹ź³ Ā ģ‚¬ė§‰ķ™”ź°€Ā ģ§„ķ–‰ė˜ė©°Ā ė†ģ—…ģ“Ā ķ”¼ķ•“ė„¼Ā ģž…ėŠ”Ā ė“±Ā ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•œĀ źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ģ˜Ā ģ§ģ ‘ģ ģøĀ ģœ„ķ˜‘ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•“Ā ė…¼ģ˜ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā ź·øėŠ”Ā ė˜ķ•œĀ źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ģ˜Ā 'ė¶ˆź°€ķ”¼ķ•œ'Ā ź²°ź³¼ģ—Ā ėŒ€ė¹„ķ•“Ā ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„Ā ź²½ģ œĀ ė¶€ė¬øģ„Ā ģ¤€ė¹„ģ‹œķ‚¤źø°Ā ģœ„ķ•œĀ ģ •ė¶€ģ˜Ā ģµœź·¼Ā ź³„ķšģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•“ģ„œė„Ā ģ–øźø‰ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.

ķ‘øķ‹“Ā ėŒ€ķ†µė ¹ģ€Ā ģ“ėŸ¬ķ•œĀ ź²°ź³¼ė„¼Ā ģøģ •ķ•˜ė©“ģ„œė„Ā ķ™”ģ„Ā ģ—°ė£ŒĀ ģƒģ‚°ģ„Ā ģ¤„ģ“ź±°ė‚˜Ā ģž¬ģƒĀ ģ—ė„ˆģ§€ė„¼Ā ź°•ķ™”ķ•˜źø°Ā ģœ„ķ•œĀ źµ¬ģ²“ģ ģøĀ ģ •ģ±…ģ—Ā ėŒ€ķ•“ģ„œėŠ”Ā ģ–øźø‰ķ•˜ģ§€Ā ģ•Šģ•˜ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā ź·øėŠ”Ā ė˜ķ•œĀ ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„ź°€Ā ķ˜„ģž¬Ā źø°ķ›„Ā ė³€ķ™”ģ—Ā ė§žģ„œźø°Ā ģœ„ķ•“Ā ģœ ėŸ½ģ—°ķ•©ė³“ė‹¤Ā ė”Ā ė§Žģ€Ā ė…øė „ģ„Ā źø°ģšøģ“ź³ Ā ģžˆė‹¤ź³ Ā ė§ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.Ā 

ķ•œķŽøĀ ėŸ¬ģ‹œģ•„ėŠ”Ā ķ™”ģ„Ā ģ—°ė£ŒĀ ģƒģ‚°ėŸ‰ģ„Ā ėŠ˜ė¦¬ź³ Ā ģžˆģœ¼ė©°, 세계 7ėŒ€Ā ķƒ„ģ†ŒĀ ė°°ģ¶œźµ­Ā ģ¤‘Ā ģœ ģ¼ķ•˜ź²ŒĀ ķŒŒė¦¬Ā ķ˜‘ģ •ģ—ģ„œĀ ģš”źµ¬ķ•˜ėŠ”Ā ėŒ€ė”œĀ COP26ģ„Ā ģ•žė‘ź³ Ā ė”Ā ģ•¼ģ‹¬ģ°¬Ā źø°ķ›„Ā ģ •ģ±…ģ„Ā ģ•„ģ§Ā ģ œģ‹œķ•˜ģ§€Ā ģ•Šź³ Ā ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.




ė‚“ź°€ ģ € 새끼 연설 ė³“ė©“ģ„œ ģ“ķ•“ ģ•ˆź°€ėŠ”ź²Œ ķ•œ 두가지가 ģ•„ė‹ˆģ˜€ėŠ”ė° 다 ģ“ģœ ź°€ ģžˆģ—ˆė„¤