https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/the-united-states-and-its-allies-must-be-ready-to-deter-a-two-front-war-and-nuclear-attacks-in-east-asia/

The United States and its allies must be ready to deter a two-front war and nuclear attacks in East AsiaThis report highlights two emerging and interrelated deterrence challenges in East Asia with grave risks to US national security: 1) Horizontal escalation of a conflict with China or North Korea into simultaneous conflict; 2) Vertical escalation to a limited nuclear attack by either or both adversaries to avoid conceding.www.atlanticcouncil.org





๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์–‘๋ฉด ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค



๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž


Markus Garlauskas๋Š” ์ด์ „์˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ๋„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์•ˆ๋ณด, ๋ฒˆ์˜, ์ž์œ ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2020๋…„ 8์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2023๋…„ 1์›” ์ด์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ž„ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„์ƒ์ฃผ ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์–ด ํŽ ๋กœ์šฐ๋กœ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์–ต์ œ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค.


Garlauskas๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” 2014๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2020๋…„ 6์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด๊ด€(NIO)์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •๋ณด์›์— ์ž„๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NIO๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ณด๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™•์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™๋ณด. ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ง ์ธ์ˆ˜, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅดยทํ•˜๋…ธ์ด ์ •์ƒํšŒ๋‹ด ๋“ฑ ๊ณ ์œ„๊ธ‰ ์ •์ฑ… ๋…ผ์˜์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋ถ„์„ ์ง€์›์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.


Garlauskas๋Š” ์œ ์—”๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ น๋ถ€, ํ•œ๋ฏธ์—ฐํ•ฉ์‚ฌ๋ น๋ถ€, ์ฃผํ•œ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๋ณธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 12๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ๋ณต๋ฌดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง์› ๋ฐฐ์น˜์—๋Š” Intelligence Estimates Branch์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์™€ ์ „๋žต ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ณต๋ฌดํ•œ ๊ณต๋กœ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์ฐธ์˜์žฅ์ด ์ˆ˜์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ์ตœ๊ณ ํ›ˆ์žฅ์ธ ํ•ฉ๋™๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ณต๋กœ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.


Garlauskas๋Š” Kent State University์—์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™ ํ•™์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” Georgetown University์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›




1. ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„œ๋กœ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค


2. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋А ํ•œ์ชฝ์ด ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ์ชฝ์ด ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค


3. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ถํ•œ์ด ๊ธฐ์Šต ๋‚จ์นจํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด

์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๊ตญ์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ข…์ „ํ˜‘์ •์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋ ค ํ•  ๊ฒƒ


4. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋Œ€๋งŒ์„ ์นจ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ฃผํ•œ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ์ œ ํƒ€๊ฒฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ถํ•œ์„ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์„œ ์ฃผํ•œ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€๋งŒ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฌถ์–ด๋‘๋ ค ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค


5. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ค‘์ „์Ÿ์— ํœ˜๋ง๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ฃผํ•œ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค


6. ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์ „์ˆ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค


7. ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ DF-26์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๊ดŒ์„ ์ „์ˆ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค


8. ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ์ „์ˆ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค


9. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค


10. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•œ๋ฏธ๋™๋งน์€ ๋ฏธ์ค‘์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ๋…ผ์˜์กฐ์ฐจ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค


11. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์ „์ˆ ํ•ต ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊บผ๋ คํ–ˆ๋‹ค


12. ์ด๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ์ œํ•œ ์ „์ˆ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค


13. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ „๊ตฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๋งŒ ์œ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ๋™๋ถ€ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ต๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ž˜์‹ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค


14. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์•„์ง ๋ถ์ค‘ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋„๋ฐœ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค

๋‘ ๋…์žฌ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค


15. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ง๋„ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์†Œํ™€ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฉดํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ•  ๊ฐ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค ๋ผ๋˜๊ฐ€

๋ถํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐํžˆ ์„ ์ œ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŽธ๊ฒฌ



์ด ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„๋ฐœ์ด ์ „ํˆฌ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€์™€


๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์–‘๋ฉด ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ ํ˜€์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜


๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•จ.


๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ.


๋งค์šฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋†’์€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์ž„.