Chinese people who teach ancient Chinese history often do not identify the culture or ethnic identity of ancient people. I wonder why? Even while doing my research, my Chinese friends often failed to fully translate ancient Chinese history text for me. I wonder why? Why is history being conceal by the nationalists?
http://www.tannerlectures.utah.edu/lecture...ments/fei90.pdf
According to legend, King Yu was preceded by Yau and Shun,
whose predecessor was the mythic Yellow Emperor, Huang Dio.
Other legends tell of military expeditions by these leaders against
surrounding ethnic groups, called Man, Yi, Rong, and Di. The
Yellow Emperor was said to have defeated his enemies Chiyou
and Emperor Yan (Yan Di) somewhere in what is now Hebei
Province. According to “Records of a Historian” (Shi J i ) , Shun
had the conquered clans and tribes exiled to the regions of Man,
Yi, Rong, and Di for the purpose of changing the latters’ customs
and traditions. This evidently meant a cultural expansion from
the Central Plain. During Yu’s reign, according to “Zuo Qiuming’s
Chronicles” (Zuo Zhuan) , “Yu summoned the local rulers for a
meeting at Tushan, where he received tribute from ten thousand
176 The Tanner Lectures on Human Values
states.” The domain of his territory, called “Nine Lands” (Jiu
Zhou) by Yu Gong in a chapter in the “Book of History,” enclosed
the regions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow
River and the Lower Yangtze Valley, which formed a solid base
for the already thriving people of Hua Xia.
The people who rose after Xia were called Shang. Originally,
the Shangs were a tribe in the east called Dong Yi, who were nomadic
herdsmen at an earlier stage. Later they moved to the area
around Mount Ai in present-day Shandong, then westward to
eastern Henan, where they developed agriculture and learned to
use draft animals in farming. Having prospered on an agricultural
economy aided by cattle raising, they rose from a vassal state under
Xia and founded the dynasty of Shang after conquering the Nine
Lands. They divided the country into five parts: central, eastern,
southern, western, and northern. The Shangs’ domain was described
in this way in the “Book of Odes” (Shi Jing) : “The country
is one thousand li across where the people reside, and it is
bordered by the Four Seas.” The land “within the Four Seas”
has been proved to include the provinces of Henan, Shandong,
Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, and part of Jiangsu and
Zhejiang, plus probably some areas in Jiangxi, and Hunan, and
Inner Mongolia.
The Shangs were succeeded by the Zhous. Coming from the
west, the Zhous, according to legend, originated from a group
called the Jiang Yuan, whom some historians identify as the
ancient Qiang group, who were in turn part of the Xi Rong, a
nationality inhabiting the land to the west of what was considered
the Central Kingdom.
댓글 0